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Öğe Adaptability and Yield Potential of Different Species of Amaranth under Semiarid Conditions(Friends Science Publ, 2020) Nazeer, Samreen; Basra, Shahzad M. A.; Iqbal, Shahid; Mateen, Ahmad; Hafeez, Muhammad Bilal; Akram, Muhammad Zubair; Zahra, NoreenAmaranth, being a nutrient-rich and climate resilient crop, can be a solution to improve nutritional quality and food security for increasing population. Aims of this study were to check the adaptability and yield potential of amaranth under semiarid climate conditions of Pakistan. This two-year field experiment was conducted at Directorate Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Germplasm of amaranth (ten genotypes) was imported from USDA and grown under semiarid environment to compare their phenology, leaf biochemical analysis and yield attributes in order to access its adaptability. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes for yield related attributes, leaf chlorophyll contents and phenology. Among genotypes, maximum grain yield was produced by PI 642733 followed by PI 619265, PI 636194 and Ames 15204. This was linked with stay green character (more leaf chlorophyll contents) of genotypes for longer period, as depicted by more seed setting periods of high yielder genotypes. Genotypes completed seed setting between 112 to 128 days after emergence. Furthermore, seed protein contents ranged between 11.73 to 19%. Genotypes PI 642733, PI 619265, PI 636194 and Ames 15204 were found promising and recommended to be grown in Rabi crop season in Faisalabad conditions. Huge diversity observed in the germplasm of amaranth which opened new avenues for the selection and production of suitable germplasm under different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. (C) 2020 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Adaptability and yield potential of new quinoa lines under agro-ecological conditions of Faisalabad-Pakistan(Life Sciences Soc Pakistan, 2021) Akram, Muhammad Zubair; Basra, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed; Hafeez, Muhammad Bilal; Khan, Shahbaz; Nazeer, Samreen; Iqbal, Shahid; Saddiq, Muhammad SohailCultivation of quinoa, a climate-resilient and superfood crop, can be a viable option for food security than conventional food crops. A field experiment was conducted during growing season of 2018-2019 to evaluate 13 elite lines of quinoa. The data regarding stand establishment, phenology of developmental stages, root establishment, leaf biochemical, morphological attributes and seed viability were recorded and analysed. Seed yield was linked with phenological, physiological and morphological traits. Ten lines (4, 6, 9, 11, 15, 22, 24, 30, 45 and 126) seem to be high yielders than check that are originated from New Mexico and Peru. New line Q11 appears to be a high yielder among all the newly introduced lines and standard variety also. Q126 showed the maximum harvesting index. Standard variety UAFQ-7 seems to be higher in root length. Among lines, the duration of crops is also different. Q24 appears to be a short duration crop. Q15 and Q45 appear to be higher in anthocyanin and phenolic contents, respectively. Finding new germplasm having higher yield potential than the check variety will strengthen the popularity of new crops under the agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad-Pakistan.Öğe Gene regulation in halophytes in conferring salt tolerance(Elsevier, 2020) Hafeez, Muhammad Bilal; Raza, Ali; Zahra, Noreen; Shaukat, Kanval; Akram, Muhammad Zubair; Iqbal, Shahid; Basra, Shahzad Maqsood AhmedSalinity is one of the significant stresses that affect all the metabolic and physiological aspects of all the plants, and on this consistency, some genes are upregulated, and some are downregulated to confer salt stress. In this aspect, halophytes are enriched with all the essential machinery to overcome salt stress by switching genetic pathways that inhibits the entry of toxic ions (Na+ ions and Cl- ions), or by compartmentalization of these ions in subcellular organelles, which not only protect the plants at germination stage but also provide protecting shield at growth and developmental level. Na+ flux entered from roots to leaves, and it enters at cellular level accomplished via KUP/HAK/KT, KT, HKT1, AKTI, and NSCCs (nonspecific cation channels) transporters. Available literature indicates that at germination stage, Cdc2-related protein, Vp1 and MIP proteins (proteins of aquaporins) related to transcripts, and DOG1, AB15, and RGL2 genes are upregulated in halophytes. Besides, at developmental stages glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (SvGRP1 and SvGRP2), APX (ascorbate peroxidase) gene, TsApx6 is switched on to overcome salinity stress. In this content, cytoplasmic damage is controlled by the upregulation of genes involved in ionic compartmentalization such as NHX, CLC, and AQP. Furthermore, SOS, HA1, NHX, VAMP, CLC, PIP, SOS1, PIP (aquaporin involved in salt secretion), and TIP genes are upregulated for salt secretion; a specific attribute is only related to halophytes. Moreover, for intragenic recycling roots hydrophobic barriers genes cytochrome P450 (involved in the hydrophobic root barrier) SOS1 and AoCYP86B1 are switched on. The damaging effect of salt can be at least, and partially reversed by the expression of these genes in glycophytes and other halophytes. These findings have enormous implications for growing halophytes and glycophytes in the areas where salinity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Industrial sawdust waste: An alternative to soilless substrate for garlic (Allium sativum L.)(Elsevier, 2020) Yasin, Muhammad; Jabran, Khawar; Afzal, Irfan; Iqbal, Shahid; Nawaz, Muhammad A.; Mahmood, Aamir; Asif, MuhammadIn many parts of the world, sawdust is a common wood industrial waste that is either wasted or used as fuel. Sawdust has low weight, good drainage and is inexpensive. This study assesses the potential of wood sawdust to be used as a viable substrate for soilless garlic production. In two experiments, garlic (Allium sativum) was grown in plastic bags containing six different types of sawdust substrates made of Azadirachta indica (neem), Mangifera indica (mango), Morus alba (mulberry), Acacia nilotica (gum arabic), Eucalyptus albens (eucalyptus), Bombax ceiba (cotton tree) and in clay loam soil (control). We found that A. nilotica and M. alba sawdust significantly decreased the leaves number, plant height, leaf area, relative water content, bulb diameter, number of cloves bulb-1, shoot dry weight and bulb dry weight of garlic. Moreover, the use of these two substrates apparently increased the number of days to seed clove emergence and the chlorophyll content index of garlic. However, A. indica sawdust did not affect the number of days to seed clove emergence, number of leaves plant-1, plant height, leaf area, relative water content, bulb diameter, number of cloves bulb-1, shoot dry weight and bulb dry weight. Therefore, A. indica sawdust may have potential to be used as a cheap alternative substrate to garlic soilless cultivation.
