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Öğe Effects of Feeding Genetically Modified Crops to Domestic Animals: A Review(2019) Akram, Muhammad; Fırıncıoğlu, Sema; Jalal, Hassan; Doğan, Sibel; Shahid, Sana; Ali, Basit ShaukatGenetically modified (GM) crops are being planted at large scale worldwide. In most of thecountries, GM crops are processed into livestock feed. The land is used for cultivation of GM plantshas been increased in recent years; in 2012 GM plants were grown on over 170 million hectares in28 countries by 17.3 million farmers and extended to 185.1 million hectors in 2016 worldwide. GMplants have been used as feed for animals and the number of studies has proved their safety foranimal and public health. This paper reviews the possible effects of GM crops on livestock, poultry,and aquatic animals by reviewing different type of studies, in which parameters such as performance,reproductive and health assessment were investigated. The most of peer-reviewed papers evaluatingthe effects of feeding animals with transgenic crops were based on GM plants with improvedagronomic traits i.e. herbicide-tolerant plants and pets-tolerant plants; however, in some cases GMplants with boosted nutritional properties assessed. In most experiments, either Bt (Bacillusthuringiensis) maize, Roundup Ready (RR) soybean or both fed to animals. Measurable differencesin various parameters were mostly observed in Bt maize and soybean fed separately orsimultaneously to animals. In this review, scientific studies showing the effects of the use of GMproducts in the nutrition of domestic animals on performance, health and reproductive parametersare investigated.Öğe Evaluation of dietary supplementation of garlic powder (Allium sativum) on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(2020) Jalal, Hassan; Canoğulları Doğan, SibelBu çalışma, sarımsak tozunun (Allium sativum) Japon bıldırcını karma yemlerine katkısının büyüme performansı, karkas özellikleri ve et kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 240 adet bıldırcın civcivi 4 muamele grubuna ayrılmış ve her grup her birinde 15 bıldırcın bulunan 4 tekerrürden oluşturulmuştur. Gruplara deneme yemleri şu sırayla verilmiştir: A grubundaki bıldırcınlar kontrol grubu olup bazal yemle beslenmiştir. Bununla birlikte B, C ve D gruplarına sırasıyla % 0.5, 1 ve% 2 sarımsak tozu verilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda %1 sarımsak tozu katkılı grup diğerlerine kıyasla daha yüksek canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık kazancı ve yemden yararlanma oranına sahip olmuştur (P<0.05). Sarımsak tozu katkısı karkas özelliklerini ve abdominal yağı etkilememiştir (P>0.05). Sarımsak tozu katkılı gruplarda pH, tiyobarbitürik asit (TBA), peroksit ve toplam psikrofilik bakteri sayısı kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Sarımsak tozu katkılı gruplarda duyusal özellikler önemli düzeyde daha yüksek gözlenmiştir (P<0.05). Karma yeme % 1 ve %2 düzeyinde sarımsak tozu katkısının bıldırcınların performansı ve etin raf ömrü üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve sağlık ve çevresel riskleri önlemek için sentetik katkı maddelerinin yerini alabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Evaluation of dietary supplementation of garlic powder (Allium sativum) on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Elsevier, 2024) Jalal, Hassan; Dogan, Sibel Canogullari; Giammarco, Melania; Cavallini, Damiano; Lanzoni, Lydia; Pezzi, Paolo; Akram, Muhammad ZeeshanDietary supplementation with plant- based products may arise as part of an alternative strategy to using antibiotics as growth promoters in the poultry industry. Garlic powder (GP) GP ) possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of GP on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of the Japanese quail. A total of 240, day-old mixed gender Japanese quail were assigned to 4 treatment groups, each group being replicated 4 times and containing 15 birds in each replication. Birds were provided with either a basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1% and 2% GP for 5 wk. At slaughter age, birds fed 1% GP had higher (P < 0.05) live weight and body weight gain when compared to the control. Supplementation with different levels of GP had no influence (P P > 0.05) on feed intake, feed conversion ratio except 3rd wk, carcass traits and abdominal fat. Thiobarbituric acid, peroxide and pH values in breast meat of birds receiving GP (1% or 2%) after storage (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d) were lower (P < 0.05) than the birds in control. Furthermore, total psychrophilic bacteria count was lower in breast meat of birds supplemented with GP at any dose compared to the birds of control. Sensory characteristics such as color, aroma, juiciness and tenderness were observed significantly better (P < 0.05) in GP supplemented groups especially when fed 1% GP. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with 1% to 2% GP demonstrated growth-promoting effects and positively impacted meat quality, including sensory characteristics.Öğe Role of Aloe Vera as A Natural Feed Additive in Broiler Production(2019) Jalal, Hassan; Akram, Muhammad; Doğan, Sibel; Fırıncıoğlu, Sema; Irshad, Nida; Khan, MinahilPhytogenic feed additives have replaced the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the diet ofpoultry particularly broiler chickens. Researchers are moving towards the use of natural productssuch as herbs, spices, plants and plant products, which possess influential effects on growthperformance parameters, immune response and treatment of various diseases. Aloe vera is a wellknownmedicinal plant and is being used for commercial and therapeutic purposes such asantimicrobials, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, wound healing, antioxidant andantiprotozoal agents. From a few last decades, the use of Aloe vera has been increased as a naturaladditive to broiler diet. Based on the review of literature, Aloe vera can improve immune response,growth performance in the broiler, as well as an excellent alternative of AGPs and anticoccidialdrugs. It can be used for broiler diet in the form of gel, powder, ethanolic extract and aqueous extract.This review provides information about the use of Aloe vera in broiler production with reference tothe effects on growth performance, immune system, intestinal microflora and coccidiosis in broilerchickens.Öğe The Use of Essential Oils in Active Food Packaging: A Review of Recent Studies(2019) Akram, Muhammad; Fırıncıoğlu, Sema; Jalal, Hassan; Doğan, SibelPublic concern on the excessive use of synthetic food additives has raised a great interest to usenatural products due to their potential in food and pharmacological industries. Nowadays, chemicalfood additives are questioned due to their contribution to the health risks and environmental impacts.Among natural additives, essential oils (EOs) are extracted from aromatic compounds andresponsible for their biological activities namely antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity.Incorporation of bio-active compounds particularly EOs directly in food or edible/biodegradablefood packaging seems to enhance the shelf life and quality characteristics of processed food andprotect the consumers against oxidative and bacterial deterioration effects. However, inclusion ofEOs in films/coatings for food packaging may put some effects on various properties (optic, tensileand etc.), which can affect the consumer acceptability. Their addition in food can cause some allergicand hypersensitivity reactions to the individuals who use them often. This paper aims to review thelatest findings on the use of EOs incorporated with edible/biodegradable films and coatings toenhance the shelf life and quality of the food. Further investigations about essential oils are expectedto clarify their exact action and build up their standard use in food industry.
