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Öğe Causes of Blindness and Moderate to Severe Visual Impairment in Niğde, Central Anatolia, Turkey(2019) Küçük, Erkut; Zor, Kürşad Ramazan; Yılmaz, UğurObjective: We investigated the causes of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) in the Niğde provinceof Turkey using the disability health board records of the Niğde State Hospital.Materials and Methods: The disability health board reports of Niğde State Hospital recorded between 2011 and 2015were retrospectively evaluated. The causes of blindness and MSVI were determined using the cause in the better-seeing eye,based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The overall, age-related, and gender specific causes of blindness andMSVI were identified.Results: During the study period, 335 subjects were recorded as blind and 381 subjects were recorded as having MSVI. The maincauses of blindness were retinitis pigmentosa (14.6%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (12.2%), and diabetic retinopathy(12.2%). In the MSVI group, the main causes were cataract (18.4%), AMD (16.5%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.9%).Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy were the leading causes of blindness, and, in addition tothese, cataract was a prominent cause of MSVI. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa was unexpectedly high in this regionof Turkey, which may be due to the high frequency of consanguineous marriages that are commonly seen in Middle Easterncountries. This information is important for planning public health policies and raising public awareness of the visual impairment,given that several leading causes of visual impairment are reversible or preventable.Öğe Isolated Bilateral Macular Edema due to Le Fort Type 1 and Mandibular Fracture: A Case Report(2022) Zor, Kürşat; Küçük, Erkut; Salbaş, Çiğdem Samur; Yıldırım, GamzeWe report the diagnosis and follow-up process of a case who had bilateral macular edema after blunt facial trauma. A 36-year-old male patient with Le Fort type 1 and mandibular fracture without direct ocular trauma referred to the ophthalmology clinic. Visual acuity was 0.1 in both eyes according to Snellen chart. Ocular examination was normal except bilateral macular edema. The patient did not have any prior systemic or neurological diseases. The patient did not have cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhage, or Purtscher flecken in the fundus examination. He used topical 0.1% nepafenac solution for 1 month. Visual acuity returned to normal after complete resolution of the macular edema at 1 month and did not recur in the follow-up. We think that this case may be an isolated macular edema due to facial trauma or an atypical presentation of Purtscher retinopathy. Although facial fractures and trauma may cause Purtscher retinopathy with involvement of different retinal structures, the findings in this case suggest that isolated involvement of macula can also occur in these injuries.Öğe Prevalence of dry eye in patients using topical antiglaucoma medications(2024) Küçük, Erkut; Zor, Kürşat Ramazan; Karataş, Müge Çoban; Biçer, Gamze YıldırımAim: Topical antiglaucoma drugs may have adverse effects on the ocular surface. In this study, our aim was to report the frequency of dry eye and the use of artificial tear drops in patients diagnosed with glaucoma and using topical antiglaucoma drugs. We also evaluated factors affecting this association. Methods: Based on the medical records, we selected patients admitted to the ophthalmology department between 2020 and 2021 who had been diagnosed with glaucoma. In this study, we included patients who were using topical antiglaucoma medications and were older than 40 years of age. Age, gender, type, and number of glaucoma medications used, dry eye diagnosis, and use of artificial tear drops and/or topical cyclosporine were recorded. Results: We found that 346 (27%) of the 1,274 patients using topical antiglaucoma drugs had dry eyes and were using artificial tear drops. Gender (female) and the number of antiglaucoma medications used were associated with an increased risk of dry eye in these patients, while increasing age was not associated with dry eye. Conclusion: Dry eye is common in patients using topical antiglaucoma medications and should be considered in the treatment of glaucoma.Öğe Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium(2020) Küçük, Erkut; Yılmaz, Uğur; Zor, Kürşad RamazanObjectives: This study was performed to evaluate the Schirmer II test (ST2) results, tear breakup time (TBUT) findings,and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores of pterygium patients under 30 years of age, and to compare the resultswith pterygium patients aged 30 years and older and healthy controls.Methods: Eighty-four eyes of 60 patients who had primary pterygium and were younger than 30 years of age (Group1), 79 eyes of 53 patients who had primary pterygium and were 30 years of age and older (Group 2), and 64 eyes of 64healthy controls (Group 3) were included in the study. The results of ST2 and TBUT tests and the OSDI questionnairescores were recorded and compared.Results: Group 1 had lower TBUT values compared to Group 2 and the control group (p= 0.03 and p<0.001, respectively). Group 1 had lower ST2 values than the control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the ST2results between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.08). Group 1 had higher OSDI scores than the control group (p=0.003). Therewas no significant difference in the OSDI scores between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.7).Conclusion: The results indicated that young patients with pterygium had lower ST2 results, lower TBUT values, andhigher OSDI scores compared to the control group, and lower TBUT values compared to older patients with pterygium.Tear film abnormality may be a factor in the pterygium pathogenesis, especially in young patients, and may increase thevulnerability of the ocular surface of young people to environmental factors, leading to pterygium formation.Öğe The Inhibitory Effect of Capparis Ovata Polysaccharides on Cultured Pterygium Fibroblasts(2021) Küçük, Erkut; Zor, Kürşat; Aydemir, Işıl; Özkan, OktayObjectives: Pterygium recurrence after removal surgery is an important problem. Polysaccharides obtained from Capparis species have been shown to possess various biological properties, including anti-tumor activity. This study was aninvestigation of the effect of Capparis ovata polysaccharides on cultured pterygium fibroblasts and a comparison with the effects of mitomycin C (MMC).Methods: Pterygium tissue samples were obtained during excision surgery from 3 patients with primary pterygium, and fibroblasts were isolated. Pterygium fibroblast cultures and L929 cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of MMC and Capparis ovata polysaccharides. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated.Results: An MTT assay revealed that cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations of Capparis ovata polysaccharides in both cell types. MMC also inhibited the proliferation of both cell types. A scratch-wound assay indicated thatboth Capparis ovata polysaccharides and MMC molecules reduced proliferation and migration in the pterygium fibroblasts and L929 cells.Conclusion: The in vitro Capparis ovata polysaccharide inhibition of proliferation and migration of pterygium fibroblasts was similar to that of MMC. The results of this study suggested that Capparis ovata polysaccharides may be a valuable candidate drug to treat pterygium.Öğe The Use of Androgens for Doping in Bodybuilding, and Ocular Side Effects: A Case Report(2022) Zor, Kürşat; Küçük, Erkut; Çınaroğlu, Selim; Yıldırım, GamzePurpose: The androgenic steroids drostanolone, boldenone, and stanozolol are used off-label by athletes for doping. This is the second case reported in the literature who used these steroids as doping for bodybuilding and developed central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) Cased presentation: A man aged 37 years presented with symptoms of unilateral metamorphopsia, slight central scotoma, and vision loss. The anamnesis revealed that the patient used steroids (drostanolone enanthate, boldenone undecylenate and stanozolol) for body building. He was diagnosed as having bilateral CSC. The symptoms were relieved in 2 months with of topical nepafenac treatment. Although the patient discontinued androgen steroids, recurrence of CSC observed 6 months later. Conclusions: This case is important in that it not only contributes to the ongoing debate in the literature that androgen steroids may be a risk factor for CSC formation, but also draws attention to the fact that in addition to known side effects drugs used for doping may have side effects that have not yet been reported.
