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    A physicochemical characterization of fully acetylated chitin structure isolated from two spider species: With new surface morphology
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2014) Kaya, Murat; Seyyar, Osman; Baran, Talat; Erdogan, Sevil; Kar, Musa
    Spiders are a huge group which includes more than 44,000 species. But there has been no study of the chitin structure of spiders. In this study we physicochemically characterized chitin structure of two common spider species (Geolycosa vultuosa and Hogna radiata). Chitin content was determined as 8-8.5% for G. vultuosa and 6.5-7% for H. radiata. FTIR, TGA and XRD results showed that the chitin structures are in a-form. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) revealed that the surface morphology of each species is different. Chitin yielded from G. vultuosa has two different pore structures. The type one pore is rarely sequenced and its size ranges between 190 and 240 nm, while the type two pore is tightly sequenced and its size ranges between 11 and 32 nm. There is no information in previous studies about the chitin structure with two different pore morphologies. A new chitin surface morphology has been determined in G. vultuosa. The chitin isolated from H. radiata, has classic morphology: nanofibre structures (10-17 nm) and 195-260 nm sized pores. Acetylation degree of the chitin samples was calculated as 97% for G. vultuosa and 99% for H. radiata in accordance with elemental analysis results. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Argyroneta aquatica (CLERCK, 1757) (Araneae: Cybaeidae) as a Biological Indicator for Environmental Pollution of Sultan Marsh National Park, Turkey
    (INST ZOOLOGY, BAS, 2010) Seyyar, Osman; Demir, Hakan; Kar, Musa; Duman, Fatih
    Sultan Marsh (Turkey) is one of the largest wetland of the Middle East and Europe. The marsh was designated as a Ramsar Site, a Nature Conservation Area, and recently a National Park by Turkish Government. Despite its strong conservation status, the marsh has undergone rapid degradation in recent years. However, major changes have been observed in Sultan Marsh in the last two decades. The water spider, Argyroneta aquatica (CLERCK, 1757), was lastly observed in 2000 in the region. Since then, this species has not been observed in the marsh. Increased of pollution in Sultan Marsh is the most probable cause for lacking the species. It may be argued that the water spider can be used as an ecological indicator to determine environmental changes.
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    Comparative Study of Cd, Pb, and Ni removal potential by Salvinia natans (L.) All. and Lemna minor L.: Interactions with Growth Parameters
    (Ars Docendi, 2018) Leblebici, Zeliha; Kar, Musa; Yalcin, Vesile
    The aim of this study was to identify the biological responses and phytoremediation capability of two aquatic macropyhtes: Salvinia natans and Lemna minor. Lemna and Salvinia species were exposed to different concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Ni for 7 days. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of heavy metals from water to these two aquatic macropyhtes were estimated and the removal potential of heavy metals was assessed. After 7 days, some biological parameters were measured, including metal accumulations in leaves, photosynthetic pigmentations, Lipid peroxidation activity, and growth rates. For S. natans, the highest Pb accumulation was found in 50 mg l(-1) concentration. The amount of chlorophyll a (chl a) in L. minor was reduced to a minimum value of 0.120 mg g(-1) with the 8 mg l(-1) Cd concentration. The Relative Growth Rate (RGR) values of both plants were negatively associated with metal treatment. The levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in S. natans increased to a maximum value of 7.174 nmol/g with 50 mg l(-1) at Pb concentration-dependent and time-depended action. S. natans was a more effective Pb and Ni accumulator than L. minor, but L. minor was a more effective Cd accumulator than S. natans. Our findings might be useful for the phytoremediation of water polluted with heavy metals.