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Öğe Ambient air quality and asthma cases in Nigde, Turkey(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2013) Kara, Ertan; Ozdilek, Hasan Goksel; Kara, Emine ErmanUrban air quality is one of the key factors affecting human health. Turkey has transformed itself into an urban society over the last 30 years. At the same time, air pollution has become a serious impairment to health in many urban areas in the country. This is due to many reasons. In this study, a nonparametric evaluation was conducted of health effects that are triggered by urban air pollution. Nigde, the city which is the administrative centre of Nigde province was chosen of the effects of air pollution since, like many central Turkish cities, it is situated on a valley where atmospheric inversion occurs. In this paper, the relationship between ambient urban air quality, namely PM10 and sulphur dioxide (SO2), and human health, specifically asthma, during the winter season is examined. Air pollution data and asthma cases from 2006 to 2010 are covered in this study. The results of our study indicate that total asthma cases reported in Nigde between 2008 and 2010 were highly dependent on ambient SO2 concentration. More asthma cases were recorded when 30 mu g m(-3) or higher SO2 was present in the ambient air than those recorded under cleaner ambient air conditions. Moreover, it was determined that in Nigde in 2010, asthma cases reported in males aged between 45 and 64 were closely correlated with ambient SO2 (alpha = 0.05).Öğe Ambient Air Quality and General Health Outcomes in Nigde (Turkey) between 2011 and 2017(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2021) Kara, Ertan; Ozdilek, Hasan Goksel; Kara, Emine Erman; Balci, Fatih; Mestav, BurcuBackground: We aimed to provide information for health practitioners and other related people about the association between ambient air quality and adverse health outcomes in the general population of Nigde, a cen-tral Turkish city, within the context of current health data epidemiological evidence. Methods: The present study highlights the connection between health problems and time series of particulate matter (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in Nigde, Turkey between 2011 and 2017. Significant morbidity is linked to ambient air pollution, resulting in a significant economic cost to society. Results: We found that the required funds to treat cancers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease triggered by ambient air pollution in Nigde, exceed 9 million US dollars per year, even when only the city center is taken into account. Conclusion: As Turkish cities grow and urban population density increases, air pollution issues need to be given priority in order to protect the health of the public and support sustainable development for future generations. It is recommended that particulate matter concentration in this urban center should be significantly reduced to minimize health problems.Öğe Niğde İlinde Güneş Enerjisi Santrallerinin Yaygınlaştırılması ve Sera Gazı Emisyonlarının Azaltılmasının Potansiyeli(2019) Sak, Tufan; Gönen, Çağdaş; Kara, Emine ErmanGünümüzde modern toplumların elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacını karşılamak için kullanılan fosil türevli yakıtlardan hızla doğadostu olan yenilebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçilmektedir. Fosil türevli yakıtların kullanılması sonucunda biriken sera gazlarınedeniyle küresel iklim değişikliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunu yanında hava kalitesi de bozulmaya başlamıştır. Güneş enerjisiekonomik ve teknik uygulanabilirlik açısından en yaygın olarak tercih edilen yenilebilir enerji kaynağı olarak günümüzde kabulgörmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Niğde ili için güneş enerjisinin elektrik enerji üretimli potansiyeli, ekonomik ve çevreselolarak uygulanabilirlik açısından incelenmiştir. İldeki mevcut arazi kullanım haritaları, tarım arazileri ve güneş radyasyonpotansiyeli haritaları bir arada değerlendirilmiştir. İldeki tarım arazisi ve orman vasfını yitirmiş alanın sadece %3,4 güneşenerjisi üretimi için kullanıldığında gerekli olan elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacı karşılanabileceği hesaplanmıştır. Bu enerji yılda435924 ton CO2 emisyonun atmosfere verilmeyeceği anlamına gelmektedir.Öğe Potentiality of Some Agricultural Residues and Industrial Wastes As Manure(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2011) Kara, Emine Erman; Saltali, Kadir; Ozdilek, Hasan GokselComposting is one of the applied methods to organic waste disposal methods. In this study, some agricultural and industrial organic wastes of agricultural sector are composted, as different compositions, to see whether they are usable as agricultural aids. To this end, apple juice factory waste (AW), cigarette factory waste (TW), leather processing factory waste (LW), organic wastes, namely wheat stalk (WW) and corn stalk (CW) material are used as composted material. Indore method of composting process was adopted; seven different compositions prepared from the aforementioned organic wastes were prepared. Laboratory experiments were carried out in conditions according to a pattern of coincidence plot experiment that was carried out by three replications. Prepared at room temperature, the mixtures (20-25 degrees C) were left to decompose for six months. Compost mixtures were mixed carefully every 10 to 15 days. Finally after 6 months compost mixtures were found to be fully composted. Obtained 7 different composts, yield analysis were determined and the effects of these mixtures on soil when applied in certain proportions in previously unused pots and on oat plant (Avena sativa L.) which was cultivated were determined. Plants were allowed to grow for a period of 45 days and then they were harvested to determine their dry weight and N, P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn contents. Results of the statistical analysis in terms of variance analysis and Duncan test were obtained. According to the results; N, P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of seven different compost mixtures were found to be between 4.03 and 9.24 g kg(-1); 0.09 and 0.92 g kg(-1); 10.0 and 24.2 and g kg(-1); 5.3 and 14.2 mg kg(-1); 1.50 and 2.80 mg kg-1; 6.20 and 12.3 mg kg(-1); 19.7 and 27.2 mg kg(-1), respectively. Electrical conductivity of seven different compost mixtures was measured between 1,750 and 11,100 mu mhos cm(-1); pH was found to be between 6.85 and 8.32 and C/N was detected to be between 8.9 and 28.2. Compared to the control, all seven compost mixtures were found to increase plant yield and this increase was found to be between 6% and 45%. Based on the results, all compost mixtures, especially three compost mixtures (since they gave statistically significant difference), were found to increase soil fertility as well as plant yield being as useful in agriculture.Öğe The Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Methane Oxidation in Soil(FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR, 2010) Kara, Emine Erman; Ozdilek, Hasan GokselOne of the most prominent applications to increase agricultural yield is the application of nitrogenous fertilizers to the soil. The intermediate and final products of the mineralization/humidification include carbon dioxide (CO(2)), methane (CH(4)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) are released into the atmosphere while other final products are cycled into the soil upon completion of the related reactions that take place in soil. Released CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O are the most notable factors responsible for global warming and are claimed to be remarkably serious When one accounts for all of the agricultural lands and other similar fields all around the globe. In the present study, the impact of NH(4)NO(3) with 26% N, which consisted of 19% NH(4)-N (ammonium-N) and 7% NO(3)-N (nitrate-N), with and without nitrification inhibitor in the soil on CH(4), CO(2) and N(2)O gas emissions was monitored in a controlled laboratory environment as three parallel experiments. The amount of fertilizer applied to the soil layer was 90 kg N per hectare. The two treated soils and one control soil were incubated at 60% maximal water holding capacity at 25 degrees C during the test period of 18 days to investigate, (a) nitrogenous fertilizer (NH(4)NO(3)), (b) nitrogenous fertilizer phis nitrification inhibitor (NH(4)NO(3) + N.I.), and finally (c) control for CH(4), CO(2), and N(2)O emissions. Gas compositions from the experimental soils were sampled at predetermined times in order to assess the CH(4) release along with N(2)O and CO(2) emissions. Analyses of the headspace on the 1(st), 2(nd), 4(th), 7(th), 10(th), 14(th) and 18(th) days were completed in order to evaluate gas concentrations. The overall results indicate that NH(4)NO(3) fertilization and NH(4)NO(3) with a nitrification inhibitor application causes a statistically significant decrease in CH(4) emissions and an increase in CO(2) emissions into the atmosphere. N(2)O emissions were found to be statistically different with the NH(4)NO(3) application and control treatments. Yet, no significant change was observed in, the N(2)O concentrations with respect to nine, based oil the NH(4)NO(3) with a nitrification inhibitor application compared to the control group.Öğe Using Earthworms to Remove Heavy Metal in Soil(KAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIV, 2016) Taciroglu, Berrak; Kara, Emine Erman; Sak, TufanHeavy metal pollution in soil is one of the hardest removable pollution among the pollutions occurring in soil. Heavy metals, such as exist able to switch within the main material building during the formation of the soil, with various pollutants such as chemicals used in mine, industry and agriculture can reach to the soil. High concentration of heavy metals in the soil could be toxic to soil ecosystem, could cause deterioration of soil properties by blocking biological and biochemical reactions in soil. This situation can occur as disruptions and deteriorations in nutrients cycle. Heavy metals can also contaminate clean water sources in ground if the groundwater is leaked. Besides the effect of heavy metals in soil can cause acute or chronic diseases in food chain due to accumulation effects on human. Because of negative effects described above, the levels greater than critical level of concentration of heavy metals in the soil is not desirable. With mentioned effects; heavy metal contamination in soil needs to be removed to continue viability of biological, to preserve soil health and quality and to continue agricultural sustainability. To eliminate the heavy metal pollution in the soil; insulation-immobilization, mechanical separation, pyro metallurgical, electro kinetic, soil in place cleaning, soil washing and bioremediation Technologies are used. In this review study the results of researches about the earthworms were used in bioremediation techniques for heavy metal removal.
