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    Anxiety, Depression and Death Anxiety in Individuals with COVID-19
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2022) Karadag, Songul; Ergin, Cigdem; Erden, Sevilay
    This study aimed to determine the death anxiety, anxiety, and depression levels of the individuals staying at the hospital due to COVID-19. The study recruited 300 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were staying at specialized clinics in the hospital. Three tools - A Patient Information Form, the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-were used to collect data. The findings of the present study revealed that 28.7% of the participants were at a high risk for developing anxiety and 45.0% were equally at a high risk for developing depression. 33.3% of the participants suffered from high level of death anxiety. There was a positive and highly significant correlation between their death anxiety and their anxiety and depression scores (p < .001). Accordingly, more evidence-based studies need to be conducted that examine how effective non-pharmacological practices are at helping COVID-19 patients by identifying their anxiety, depression, and death anxiety. Furthermore, nurses need to take care of patient care in a holistic manner that would include addressing patients' psychological needs alongside their physical problems.
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    The Effect of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Dyspnea and Anxiety Levels in Individuals With COPD A Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023) Kilic, Zuleyha; Karadag, Songul; Tutar, Nuri
    Dyspnea is a common symptom and anxiety is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They affect individuals with COPD in a multifaceted way, causing many disabilities. Progressive relaxation exercises (PREs) are an important intervention in reducing symptoms and comorbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PREs on dyspnea and anxiety levels in individuals with COPD. A pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial was conducted at the chest diseases clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. Forty-four patients with COPD who met the inclusion criteria for participation in the study were assigned either to an intervention or a control group, with 22 patients in each group. In the intervention group, the patients performed PREs once a day for 4 weeks in addition to the standard treatment. The patients in the control group received the standard treatment. In the data collection stage of the study, questionnaire forms, namely, the Modified Borg Scale (MBS), Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), were used. Data were collected before (the first follow-up) and after the intervention (the second follow-up). In the second follow-up, the MBS, BAI, and CAT scores decreased significantly in the intervention group (P < .05) but showed no significant changes in the control group (P > .05). This study demonstrates that PREs can reduce dyspnea and anxiety levels in individuals with COPD.