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    Use of Plants in Ottoman Ornamentation Art
    (INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2013) Karafaki, F. Cetinkaya; Yazgan, M. E.; Baktir, I; Miller, WB; Kamenetsky, R
    Although it is considered to be a combination of Islamic culture, Ottoman Islamic Art was largely influenced particularly by the Mediterranean, Iran and Byzantium sense of art due to the geography where Turkish societies existed. Art in the Ottoman Empire was a Turkish-Islamic synthesis in general terms. It came into existence with the harmonious combination of the culture which had been inherited by migrant Turkish communities and Seljuk Empire along with different religiousethnic elements available. Thus, a unique nature perspective which finds its place in many branches of art was presented. And plants, which is one of the first elements coming to mind when nature perspective is in question, found their place in art with the value it has taken from Islamic religion, and was used in many branches such as palace gardens, small house yards and public spheres, architecture, portraiture, miniature, ornamentation arts, weaving and literature. Plant motives have shown themselves as flowers, ivies, leaves, trees and fruits in Turkish ornamentation. Flowers such as Dianthus, Papaver, Rosa, Aquilegia and Narcissus have gained different shapes in the hands of many artists. Frequent use of different types of trees like other plant motives also attracts attention. However, trees such as Cupresseus, Palm, Platanus, and blooming trees are prominent among other types. Flowers which were frequently used in the works of that era such as Dianthus, Tulip, Rosa, Violet, Anthemis, Chrysanthemum, Narcissus and Verbena were not used with their original aspects but only by stylizing. Use of plant material in the ornamentation art, which was nourished by the vegetation cover of the geography of the Ottoman Empire and clenched with the value given to plants by Islamic religion, symbolized nature and the worldly reflection of God in the plant which is a part of nature and quite widely enriched Ottoman Art with its aesthetic values as well.