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    Amanita vidua: A new record for Turkish Amanita Section Phalloideae based on morphological and molecular data
    (Trakya Univ Balkan Yerlesesi Enstituler Binasi, 2024) Akata, Ilgaz; Kumru, Eda; Sahin, Ergin; Acar, Ismail; Kaya, Ertugrul
    In the present study, fungal specimens collected from Ye & scedil;ildere village in U & scedil;ak province, T & uuml;rkiye were evaluated. The specimens underwent detailed examination through both morphological and DNA (nrITS rDNA region and TEF1a gene) sequence -based phylogenetic analysis. Based on the evaluation of micro- and macromorphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses, the specimen was identified as A. vidua Gasch, G. Moreno & P. A. Moreau. This identification marks A. vidua as a new record for the Turkish Amanita section Phalloideae. The study described this newly recorded species, including specific details such as its location, habitat observations, geographical coordinates, collection date, and photographs showcasing its macro and micromorphological features. Additionally, it also includes illustrations of some microscopic structures of the species. The study is further enriched with SEM images, offering a detailed view of the species characteristics, and the findings are briefly discussed.
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    Lepiota castanea mushroom growing in Turkiye does not contain phallotoxins and amatoxins
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Yilmaz, Ismail; Akata, Ilgaz; Horoz, Ersan; Kaya, Ertugrul
    The number of poisoning cases caused by the Lepiota genus is globally increasing. This genus has more poisonous species than the Amanita genus, and many Lepiota species can cause severe toxicity and death if ingested. As recognized in the literature, L. castanea is a toxic species containing amatoxin. Although crude analytical methods have shown that L. castanea contains amatoxins, more recent and sensitive analyses suggest otherwise. Toxin concentrations can vary even among the same fungal species due to geographical and climatic differences. Therefore, this confusion can be resolved by analyzing L. castanea toxins from different geographical regions. This study aimed to demonstrate the toxin levels of L. castanea collected from forests in different regions of Turkiye (Istanbul and Kocaeli) using sensitive methods. The collected mushrooms were analyzed for alpha amanitin, beta amanitin, gamma amanitin, amanin, phallacidin, and phalloidin levels using RP-HPLC-UV and LCESI-MS/MS methods. L. castanea mushroom was found to be free of amatoxin and phallotoxin. Our study revealed for the first time that L. castanea mushrooms from different geographical regions of Turkiye do not contain amatoxin and phallotoxin. Supporting these findings with new studies from different parts of the world would be appropriate.