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    Assessment of susceptibility of different rootstock/variety combinations of pear to Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri and experimental transmission studies by Cacopsylla pyri
    (Springer, 2022) Caglayan, Kadriye; Gazel, Mona; Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Kaya, Kamuran
    In this study, efficient transmission ways of 'Ca. P. pyri' which causes Pear Decline (PD) disease and response of different rootstock-scion combinations to this pathogen were evaluated. For graft transmission trials, fifty BA29 clonal rootstocks were grafted with buds taken from a 'Ca. P. pyri' infected pear tree, cv. Deveci, and the transmission rate was found to be 8% according to PCR/RFLP analyses. Growth retardation was detected in some grafted plants but the specific reddening symptoms for PD were not observed during the 2 years of observation. Cacopsylla pyri L., playing important role for the transmission of pear decline phytoplasma in open field, was used for experimental transmission trials. It has been shown that it can acquire phytoplasma (in 1 day) and transmit it (in 2 weeks to healthy pear saplings). Therefore it was revealed that C. pyri plays an important role in pear decline epidemiology. When the response of several rootstock-scion combinations to 'Ca. P. pyri'was evaluated over two vegetative periods by visual monitoring of symptom development and by PCR analyses, two Santa Maria and one Williams plants grafted on OHF333 and one Deveci plant grafted on P. communis were found infected by 'Ca. P. pyri', but no infection was detected in a local cv. Ankara grafted on any rootstocks. Among the commercial cultivars, our local cv. Deveci was found the most sensitive and cv. Ankara was the most tolerant. The use of healthy plant materials, as well as the appropriate control of the vector will play an important role in disease control.
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    POTENTIAL PSYLLID VECTORS OF CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA MALI AND CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA PYRI IN TURKEY
    (Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2016) Kaya, Kamuran; Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Gazel, Mona; Caglayan, Kadriye; Sauvion, Nicolas
    Psyllids are vectors of phytoplasma, which cause important diseases of pome fruit trees. Psyllid species reported as phytoplasma vectors were captured during 2010-2011 in several pome fruit growing regions in Turkey. Potential psyllid vectors of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' were collected from Malus spp. (apple), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Crataegus spp. (hawthorn) and also from the overwintering hosts, whereas those of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' were collected from wild and cultured forms of Pyrus spp. (pear) trees. The psyllids were identified morphologically as Cacopsylla picta, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex, C. crataegi, C. pyrisuga, C. pyri, C. pyricola and other Cacopsylla species. The highest natural phytoplasma infection rate was found in C. picta followed by C. pyri, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex and C. crataegi with rates of 4.36, 3.84, 2.77 and 1.67%, respectively. No phytoplasma were detected in C. pyrisuga, C. pyricola, or the other Cacopsylla spp. 'Ca. P. mali' was detected in C. picta, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex and C. pyri; 'Ca. P. pyri' was detected in C. picta, C. crataegi, C. melanoneura-C. affinis complex and C. pyri individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the possible psyllid vectors of 'Ca. P. mali' in Turkey.
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    The lepidopteran pests of sweet potato: First record of Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich- Schaffer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with population development and natural enemies in Turkey
    (ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC TURKEY, EGE UNIV, 2016) Kaya, Kamuran; Can Cengiz, Feza; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Caliskan, Sevgi
    The study was conducted in Hatay Province, east Mediterranean Region, Turkey in 2012 and 2013 to determine major lepidopteran pests of sweet potato and to document the population development of the newly recorded species Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich-Schaffer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in 2013. Four lepidopteran species, Aedia leucomelas (L.) (Noctuidae), Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus) (Sphingidae), Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel) (Crambidae) and H. triannulella were found. This was the first detection of H. triannulella in Turkey, so its population development was studied in the second year. The larval population of H. triannulella began to increase towards the end of July and reached its peak in mid-August. During the study, predators, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Oenopia conglobata (L.), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze), Scymnus mediterraneus Khnzorian, Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae); Nabis viridulus Spinola (Hemiptera: Nabidae) were found in the folded parts of the leaves, and parasitoids, Apanteles sp., Chelonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) were obtained in the laboratory from larvae of H. triannulella.