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Öğe An examination of blind mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon) brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord tissues: A histological and stereological study(2022) Keleş, Ayşe İkinci; Süt, Burcu Biterge; Kankılıç, TeomanThe purpose of this study was to perform a histological examination of blind mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon) brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord tissues. Six blind mole-rats were caught in a natural environment, anesthetized with ether, and sacrificed. Brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord tissues were then removed. All tissues were kept in 10% formaldehyde for one week, at the end of which they were subjected to routine histological procedures and embedded in blocks. Five micron-thick sections were taken from the blocks (5 and 15 micron thick from spinal cord tissues). All sections were then stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Cresyl Violet, and DAPI. These sections were then evaluated under light and fluorescent microscopes. The blind mole-rats weighed 201.3 ± 61 g, the brains and cerebella weighed 1.8 ± 0.3 mg and 0.32 ± 0.05 mg, respectively, and the brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord volumes were 1.49±0.46 ml, 0.33± 0.08 ml, and 2.53± 0.19 µm3, respectively. No histological variation was observed in the brain or cerebellum tissues. However, examination of the spinal cord tissue revealed differences compared to humans and other rodents. The spinal cord exhibited a segmented, lobulated appearance, each lobe itself exhibiting the characteristics of a small spinal cord. No butterfly appearance was observed, and white and gray matter transitions were irregular, with less white and more gray matter. The location of the anterior and posterior horns was unclear. The motor neuron cells were also small in size. No significant variations were observed at nuclear organization (DAPI signals) between any tissues. In conclusion, the blind mole-rats were normal in weight, increased brain and cerebellum tissue weight and volumes were observed, while a decrease was determined in spinal cord tissue volumes. The brain and cerebellum were normal at histological examination, while structural differences were detected in the spinal cord.Öğe Comparative analysis of the different regions of skin tissue in Nannospalax xanthodon(Natural and Engineering Science, 2020) Süt, Burcu Biterge; Keleş, Ayşe İkinci; Kankılıç, TeomanBlind mole rats (Nannospalax xanthodon Palmer, 1903) are subterranean mammals that are well-known for their high tolerance to hypoxia and resistance to cancer. Due to their unusual habitat, these animals have developed several adaptations during their evolution. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible structural differences between different regions of the skin in Nannospalax as well as to characterize the histological organization of a specialized skin patch namely scrub sensory organ that have possibly arisen as a result of adaptation to underground life. Skin from the neck, nasal pad and the scrub sensory organ was harvested from wildtype blind mole rats and fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Tissues were embedded into paraffin and blocked via routine histological procedures. 5-micron sections were taken and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and Cresyl Violet. Histopathological analysis of the skin revealed that the nasal pad and the scrub sensory organ were significantly thicker compared to the neck skin. Skin epithelia was structurally normal, although it was thicker in the neck skin in comparison to others. We observed structures that are similar to pyramidal cells in the scrub sensory organ. In conclusion, we defined some histological properties of the scrub sensory organ in Nannospalax xanthodon for the first time in the literature. Specifically, the detection of structures that are similar to pyramidal cells is significant. These results indicate structural differences between different skin regions and suggest a role for the scrub sensory organ in somatosensation. © 2020, Natural and Engineering Science. All rights reserved.Öğe Histopathological Analysis of The Eye And Optic Nerve Structure In The Blind Mole Rat(2020) Keleş, Ayşe İkinci; Süt, Burcu; Kankılıc, TeomanObjective: Blind mole rats (Nannospalax xanthodon Nehring, 1898) are subterranean mammals that are well-known fortheir high tolerance to hypoxia and resistance to cancer. Due to their unusual habitat, these animals have developedseveral adaptations during their evolution. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible structural differences inNannospalax visual system in comparison to other mammals that might have arisen as a result of adaptation tounderground life.Method: Six blind mole rats were used in the study. No procedure was performed on the rats. After the animals wereanesthetized with ether, their eyes and optic nerves were removed. For this purpose, pseudo-eyes and optic nerves wereharvested and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for a week. Tissues were embedded into paraffin and blocked via routinehistological procedures. Five micrometer sections in thickness were taken and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)and Cresyl Violet.Results: Histopathological analysis of the eye revealed the presence of cornea, retina, sclera, iris, zonula adherens,lacrimal gland and ducts, fatty tissue, muscle layer and the vascular structures. No pathology was observed of optic nerve.Conclusions: We found that the visual system of N. xanthodon share some similarities with other blind mole rat speciesfrom Israel, while some histological properties were defined by our study for the first time in the literature.Öğe Sağlık Alanında Kullanılan Kantitatif Yöntem, Stereoloji(2019) Keleş, Ayşe İkinciStereoloji kantitatif çalışmalarda en çok tercih edilen, kullanıldığında kabul oranı yüksek olan bir yöntemdir.Stereoloji, gerçekte üç boyutlu olan herhangi bir yapının iki boyutlu görüntülerinden yola çıkarak, onların üç boyutluözellikleri ile ilgili yorumlar yapmayı sağlayan, birçok yöntemi (optik ve fiziksel disektör, optik ve fiziksel parçalama,nucleator ve cavalieri prensibi vb.) içeren bilim dalıdır. Sağlık alanında, bir doku ya da görüntüsü elde edilebiliyorsa,bunların üzerinde stereolojik çalışmalar yapmak mümkündür.Ancak stereolojik yöntemlerin kullanırken özellikle tarafsızlık, etkinlik, sistematik rastgele örnekleme ve ön çalışmagibi konulara uyulması gerekmektedir. Bu yöntemler ile kurallarına uyularak yapılan çalışmalarda ilgilenilen yapınınsayı, hacim, alan ve uzunluk gibi verileri elde edilebilir. Elde edilen sonuçlar gerçek değere en yakın değerlerdir.Günümüzde bu yöntemin uygulanması birçok avantajı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu yöntem tarafsız, etkili,güvenilir, düşük maliyetli (az çalışan, az örnek ya da numune ve kısa sürede), tekrarlanabilir ve tekrarlandıkça gerçekdeğere daha da yaklaşan sonuçlar elde etmemizi sağlar. Bu nedenle, stereolojik çalışmalar sonucunda elde edilenverilerden yola çıkılarak yapılan yorumlar doğru, güvenilir ve kabul edilebilirdir.
