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Öğe A new definition about the relationship of intercellular fluid in the brain with the mandibular and parotid lymph nodes(Wiley, 2022) Nur, Ismail Hakki; Keles, Haci; Unlukal, Nejat; Solmaz, Merve; Erdogan, Ender; Perez, WilliamThis study was carried out to reveal the relationship of the brain with both the mandibular lymph node (MLN) and parotid lymph node (PLN) by the hyperspectral fluorescence imaging techniques of Qdot 800 (QD) nanoparticles using in vivo. This relationship of the brain with both lymph nodes offers the preliminary morphological definition of lymphatic drainage. QD was injected into the left parietal brain lobe of each rat at a depth of 2.50 mm. In 65% of the rats that were imaged in vivo, signals were received first from the right MLN and PLN, and then from the left MLN and PLN. In contrast, in two female rats, the first signal was received from the right PLN. There was no difference between the female and male rats overall. The most noteworthy finding of this study was that the tracer injected into the left parietal lobe reached the right mandibular and parotid lymph nodules earlier. This result indicates a different and unknown pathway in the brain that communicates with the lymph nodes. Moreover, this study shows that these lymph nodes pathways can be used in the treatment of diseases such as brain trauma, cerebral edema, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Öğe A new technique for preparing cadavers using PMMA: Rat and mouse example(Elsevier Gmbh, 2022) cinaroglu, Selim; Keles, HaciBackground: Polymethyl methacrylate is a member of the acrylic polymer family with superior optical properties. It is used in dentistry, hospital incubators, lenses, and various surgical fields, especially ortho-pedics. In this preliminary study, we aimed to prepare cadavers using the industrial form of polymethyl methacrylate.Methods: The new technique consists of fixation, washing, purification, impregnation, and polymerization. For the study, two whole rat bodies, two rat front legs and two rat hind legs, one half rat body, two whole mouse bodies, and all internal organs were used. Wistar albino rats and BALB/c mice were used. After the cadaver samples were fixed and washed, they were passed through an alcohol series starting from 50%, completing the purification process. In the next step, a solution was prepared by mixing 100 ml of Thinner into 1000 ml of a mixture containing styrene, methyl methacrylate, and Co(II)2-ethyl hexanoate. The samples were immersed in the solution under negative pressure (from 10 mmHg to 400 mmHg), allowing the samples to absorb the solution thoroughly. They were then treated with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and the polymerization step was terminated.Results: The cadaver samples obtained using polymer were hard, they maintained the given shape, and showed a relatively transparent quality. The production of these materials took 35 days, excluding fixation. The tissue samples were odorless in the process after polymerization. Also, there was no decay in the samples after the production stage and they could be stored under room conditions.Conclusion: This study determined that cadavers could be prepared using polymethyl methacrylate and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. The polymer used here cost about $5. The cadavers can be safely exhibited in room conditions for five years without requiring special conditions like pools or cold storage. Further re-search should compare this technique with the plastination technique in terms of texture, color, weight, application time, and cost.(c) 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of Autografts Used in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Terms of Tensile Strength(Springernature, 2023) Mert, Ahmet; Cinaroglu, Selim; Keles, Haci; Aydin, Murat; cicek, FatihIntroduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries increase the likelihood of chronic knee problems in later years, including early onset osteoarthritis. Therefore, ACL treatment is important in preventing knee problems from developing. The treatment of choice for ACL tears is surgery (ACL reconstruction), and the most popular tendons for ACL reconstruction are the patellar tendon, hamstring tendon (semitendinosus and gracilis tendons), and bone-patellar tendon-bone. The present study compares the tensile strength of autografts used in ACL reconstruction to identify the optimum autograft for ACL in terms of mechanical properties. Methods Cadavers were dissected, and the Achilles tendons, quadriceps tendons, hamstring tendons (semitendinosus and gracilis tendons), patellar tendon grafts, and ACLs were harvested. Tensile tests of each tendon graft were performed using a Shimadzu Autograph AG-IS 100 kN tester (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Results The mean difference in tensile strength between ACL and other grafts was lowest for the quadriceps in both males and females (p < 0.001), meaning that ACL and quadriceps grafts are more compatible than other tendon grafts in terms of tensile strength. Conclusion The present study found the lowest mean difference in tensile strength to be between the ACL and the quadriceps tendon, suggesting that the use of the quadriceps tendon in ACL reconstruction will yield more positive outcomes.Öğe EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 IN THE EARLY HYPOXEMIC STAGE AND PATIENTS WITH VIRAL RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN TERMS OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION(Sestre Milosrdnice Univ Hospital, 2023) Cinaroglu, Selim; Karakus, Kayhan; Keles, Haci; Kacmaz, MustafaArterial hypoxemia occurs in many COVID-19 patients. Hypoxemia is one of the causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Main pulmonary artery dilatation and the main pulmonary artery diameter (mPAD) to ascending aorta diameter (AAD) ratio of >= 1 are significant findings regarding PH. In this study, COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients with viral respiratory tract infection were evaluated retrospectively in terms of PH. A total of 124 patients (71 male and 53 female), age range 18-85 years, were included in the study as case group and control group. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) images, blood and biochemical parameters, and demographic information were compared between the case group and control group. The normality of numerical variables was examined with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homogeneity of the variances with Levene's test. This is the first study researching the effect of early hypoxemic stage COVID-19 infection on development of PH. As a result, it was specified that COVID-19 infection had no effects on mPAD, whereas it had a positive effect on AAD and thus led to a decrease in the mPAD/AAD ratio. Through these values, which could be easily calculated from thoracic CT images, the changes caused by COVID-19 infection on vessel diameters were put forward.Öğe Gender and Height Estimation from Hand and Handprint Sizes in the Turkish Population(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Keles, Haci; Cinaroglu, Selim; Cicek, Fatih; Ceranoglu, Faruk Gazi; Tekeli, MustafaIntroduction: In forensic medicine, it becomes impossible to identify corpses in events that affect a large part of the population, such as natural disasters, accidents, and wars. The aim of this study is to determine the height and gender of the Turkish population with hand and handprint morphometric measurements. Materials and Methods: The sample size of the study consists of 600 Turkish population aged between 18 and 58 years (mean +/- standard deviation: 22.18 +/- 5.43) living in Middle Anatolia. In the morphometric measurements of the hand, 21 anthropometric measurements were taken from each volunteer. Results: It was determined that men had higher values than women in all hand and handprint measurements and were statistically significant. When the correlation between hand and handprint measurements and statue was examined, it was determined that hand length and handprint length had the highest correlation with height in both genders (male: r: 0.57, r: 0.62; female: r: 0.49, r: 0.50). When comparing the bilateral asymmetry of the right and left hands of both sexes, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between the lengths of the thumb distal phalanx, little finger proximal, and middle phalanx in men and between the lengths of the index finger distal phalanx, middle finger middle and distal phalanx, and ring finger distal phalanx in women (P < 0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it was seen that the use of hand and handprint measurements to determine height and gender in the Turkish population gave high results.Öğe Location of the Optic Foramen Relative to the Sphenoid Sinus and Orbital Apex Structures(Briefland, 2022) Cinaroglu, Selim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Guresci, Kursat; Keles, HaciBackground: Orbital decompression is performed to reduce intraorbital pressure by removing the fat tissue and bone around the orbit. Access to proper equipment, experienced personnel, and adequate anatomical knowledge are essential to perform this procedure. To achieve maximum decompression, surgeons need to open the orbit up to the apex, including the optic foramen and the annulus of Zinn. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the location of the sphenoid sinus relative to the optic foramen using computed tomog-raphy (CT) scan, which is essential for orbital decompression surgery, in the Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 patients from the Turkish population between March 15 and April 15, 2021 in the Central Anatolia Region. The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method. Based on the cranial CT scans, a total of 128 orbits were evaluated using the hospital's picture archiving and communication system. Patients included in this study were admitted to the hospital with headache. However, their CT images, evaluated by an experienced radiologist, were reported to be normal. The relationship between the optic foramen and the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus was examined, and the location of the optic foramen was determined as anterior, posterior, or equal to the sphenoid sinus. Descriptive statistics were measured for statistical analysis. Results: The participants of this study included 32 men and 32 women in the age range of 20 -67 years. Based on the analyses, the optic foramen was mainly opposite to the anterior aspect of the sphenoid sinus in both females and males; this finding was more prominent in females. In the right orbit, the mean distance of the optic foramen to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus was +6.97 mm if the optic foramen was anterior to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus, while it was-4.1 mm if the optic foramen was located posteriorly to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus. Similarly, in the left orbit, the mean distance of the optic foramen to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus was +6.97 mm if the optic foramen was located anteriorly, while it was-4.15 mm if the optic foramen was located posteriorly to the anterior surface of the sphenoid sinus. The position of the optic foramen was symmetrical in 60.9% of cases in the two orbits. Conclusion: Based on the results of CT scan, the optic foramen was mainly located opposite to the anterior aspect of the sphenoid sinus; this finding was more frequently observed in females (59.4%) than in males (40.6%). The present results can provide further information for surgeons to perform orbital decompression or surgeries posterior to the orbit.Öğe Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus of the Van cats(Wiley, 2020) Hakki Nur, Ismail; Keles, Haci; Perez, WilliamKnowing the structure and variations of the plexus brachialis is important in neck and shoulder surgery. The knowledge of the brachial plexus reduces the injury rate of the nerves in surgical interventions to the axillary region. The major nerve trunks of the thoracic limb were the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves. In Van cats, the brachial plexus was formed by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves, C6-C7-C8 and T1. The 7th cervical nerve was quite thick compared to the others. The subscapular nerve was the thinnest (on the right side, the average length was 6.55 +/- 0.60 mm and on the left side was 6.50 +/- 0.60 mm), and the radial nerve was the thickest (the average length on the right side was 28.48 +/- 0.44 mm and on the left side was 29.11 +/- 0.55 mm). The suprascapular nerve was formed by the ventral branch of the 6th cervical nerve. The subscapular nerves were formed by a branch originating from the 6th cervical nerve and the two medial and caudal branches originating from the 7th cervical nerve. No communicating branch between the ulnar nerve and the median nerve was observed in the palmar region. The axillary nerve was formed by the ventral branches of the 7th nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 6th and 7th cervical nerves, and the ulnar nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 8th cervical and the 1st thoracic nerves. The radial nerve was the thickest branch in the brachial plexus. In Van cats, the origin and distribution of nerves were similar to those reported in the literature for other species of cats, with the exception of the suprascapular, subscapular and axillary nerves.Öğe Repeated use of fibrin sealants kept at room temperature in conjunctival autografting: An animal study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Cinaroglu, Selim; Kucuk, Erkut; Keles, Haci; Ozturk, AliPurpose: In this study, our aim was to investigate if fibrin adhesives used in conjunctival wound surgery with autologous conjunctival grafts could be used repeatedly at different times after surgical opening. Methods: 40 New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. These animals were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits, and hence 20 eyes. In the first group (control group), Tisseel fibrin sealant was used on the day the eye was first opened surgically; in the second group, it was used on the seventh day; on the third group, it was used on the 14th day; and in the fourth group, it was used 28 days after surgical opening. The graft from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva was attached using Tisseel fibrin glue to the superior scleral bed at the location where the superior bulbar conjunctiva was excised in the same eye. Results: No microbial growth was detected in the cultures of the samples tested. There were two partial graft loss in group 2 and there was one partial graft loss in each group of the other groups, and further total graft loss was present in one rabbit in group 3. None of the rabbits had any complications like granuloma, Corneal dellen or infection. Conclusion: Based on these results, fibrin sealants can be used repeatedly by storing them at room temperature. Repeated use of fibrin adhesives will reduce the cost of ophthalmologic surgeries and non-ophthalmologic surgeries.Öğe The relationship between sphenoidal sinus and sella turcica morphometry in the Turkish population: a retrospective study(Springer France, 2024) Keles, Haci; Yakar, Huseyin; Kaya, Ismail; Cicek, Fatih; Ceranoglu, Faruk Gazi; Ciftci, Ali Turker; Karadag, HuseyinPurpose The anatomical position of the sphenoidal sinus (SS) is very important for neurosurgeons because of the trans-sphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the volume and shape of the SS and its relationship with the morphometry of the sella turcica. Methods This study included CT images of 282 males and 258 females with a mean age of 50.52 years (range 18-75) who underwent head CT. The morphometric values of the sella turcica and the volume of the SS were measured on the included radiologic images. Measurements were made on the sagittal slice closest to the midline in T1 sequence. Morphometric measurements were made with Micro Dicom Viewers software program and volume measurements were made with ITK SNAP software program. Results In this study, 4 types of SS shapes were obtained in the whole population: amorphous, pentagonal, triangular and quadrilateral. The mean SS volume was 7055.88 mm3 in males and 5694.48 mm3 in females and a statistically significant difference was observed (p < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the sexes in the width and surface area parameters of the sella turcica (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, the morphometric relationship between the shape of the sinus sphenoidale and sella turcica was demonstrated between men and women. In particular, the shape of the sinus sphenoidale was found to be anthropometrically different between men and women in the Turkish population. It is hypothesised that the data obtained in our study will guide surgeons performing transsphenoidal approach.Öğe The Use of Alkyd Resin Method in Wistar Rats for the Preparation of Teaching Materials and Museum Exhibits(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2020) Cinaroglu, Selim; Keles, HaciAlkyd Resin method, patented by the Turkish Patent Institute, is a cadaver preparation and preservation technique. This study examines whether exhibition-museum materials can be produced from rat cadavers processed with alkyd resin method in different postures and whether dissection and suturing can be performed on the samples. Besides, samples prepared with alkyd resin and samples prepared freshly were compared in terms of dissection and suturing. 14 Wistar Albino Rats were used in the study. Seven were prepared with alkyd resin method and the others were freshly prepared for comparison in terms of suturing and dissection. The alkyd resin method was applied to two cadavers as a pretrial and to five cadavers for them to be museum-exhibition and educational materials. Alopecia was detected in two cadavers. In some of the exhibition samples processed with the method mentioned, shrinkage and hardening of the skin was noticed. All the samples prepared with this method became products suitable for suturing and dissection. The exhibition-museum materials prepared with the alkyd resin method have maintained their first body postures. We believe that alkyd resin method can be applied to the entire body, and the products can be used for exhibition and educational purposes. Furthermore, the method should be further popularized, and it should be applied to cadavers of different species so that its applicability increases.
