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    An insight into cotton genetic engineering (Gossypium hirsutum L.): current endeavors and prospects
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2015) Bakhsh, Allah; Anayol, Emine; Ozcan, Sancar Fatih; Hussain, Tahira; Aasim, Muhammad; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ozcan, Sebahattin
    Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most significant cash crop and backbone of global textile industry. The importance of cotton can hardly be over emphasized in the economy of cotton-growing countries as cotton and cotton products contribute significantly to the foreign exchange earnings. Cotton breeders have continuously sought to improve cotton's quality through conventional breeding in the past centuries; however, due to limited availability of germplasm with resistant to particular insects, pests and diseases, further advancements in cotton breeding have been challenging. The progress in transformation systems in cotton paved the way for the genetic improvement by enabling the researchers to transfer specific genes among the species and to incorporate them in cotton genome. With the development of first genetically engineered cotton plant in 1987, several characteristics such as biotic (insects, viruses, bacteria and fungi) resistance, abiotic (drought, chilling, heat, salt), herbicide tolerance, manipulation of oil and fiber traits have been reported to date. Genetic engineering has emerged as a necessary tool in cotton breeding programs, strengthening classical strategies to improve yield and yield contributing factors. The current review highlights the advances and endeavors in cotton genetic engineering achieved by researchers worldwide utilizing modern biotechnological approaches. Future prospects of the transgenic cotton are also discussed.
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    An Insight to Micropropagation of Freshwater Aquatic Medicinal Plants
    (Springer International Publishing, 2019) Aasim, Muhammad; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Karataş, Mehmet; Shahzad Bloch, Faheem; Bakhsh, Allah
    Freshwater aquatic plants include medicinal and ornamental species: have limited demand and rarely micropropagated. Most of them are found in Southeast Asian environments as amphibians or fully submerged or floating in lakes, streams, and watercourses that are ignored as weeds. These plants have never been central focuses and were not looked for characteristic proliferation. It is difficult to multiply these plants using traditional techniques through seeds or natural proliferation of rhizomes or cuttings by maintaining quality. Rare and fragmented but important information about micropropagation of these neglected plants has been discussed in this chapter. There are certain aquatic or semiaquatic medicinal plants for which no effort has been made to propagate in vitro. Contrarily, plants like water hyssop have extensive in vitro regeneration protocols due to its high demand. This study compares methodologies used by researchers to micropropagate these plants. It is concluded that this study will help in understanding and establishing systems for scientific propagation of these plants. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.
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    First Report of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation of aquatic Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica)
    (2016) Bakhsh, Allah; Aasim, Muhammad; Zia, Abu Bakir; Doğan, Muhammet; Sadi, Gökhan; Karataş, Mehmet; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood
    The study presents first report of Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in Rice paddy herb (Linmophila aromatica). A. tumefaciens strain C58C1 harboring pBin19 Plasmid containing ?-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene, under the control of 35S promoter and NOS terminator was used. Shoot tip explants were inoculated for 30 min followed by co-cultivation for 72 h and selected on agar semi solidified MS medium containing 100 mg/l Kanamycin and 1.0 mg/l BA; whereas total number of 78 putative transgenic shoots were obtained. The shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l IBA and 100 mg/l Kanamycin where 43 plants survived and rooted. Expression of GUS gene in the putative transgenics was confirmed by histochemical GUS assay. Visible localised gus expression was noted in a few cells and callus tissues of 4 plantlets that were photographed using compound light microscope.
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    Plant tissue culture and genetic transformation studies of poor man crop cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.)
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2018) Aasim, Muhammad; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah; Sevinc, Canan; Day, Sibel; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood
    Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with origin in West Africa, is one of the most important cultivated edible and drought tolerant legume of semiarid and subtropical regions. It is used for consumption as human food and animal feed, providing low cost protein and vitamin supplements. It is also important since it fixes atmospheric mitogen and could act as an intercrop with many important cereals, industrial and cash crops in high drought hit areas. Biotic and abiotic stresses are major constraints that are hitting yield of this crop in larger parts of the world. Use of biotechnology could serve as an appropriate technique to accelerate breeding activities and handle factors affecting its growth and development. This study reviews recent developments about the plant that is difficult and shows high recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation; using different genes of interest, since 1980s. Main focus of the study included a comparison of protocols developed for sterilization, types of explants used in the study, growth mediums, cultural conditions, rooting, acclimatization and genetic transformation of cowpea. Different researchers have used variable pathways and pursuits to achieve regeneration from number of explants and plant hormone combinations to achieve the goals. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.