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    AN ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF OTTOMAN STATE RECORD OF TAXES: TEMETTUAT (PROFIT TAX) REGISTERS OF NIGDE SANJAK (1844-1845)
    (Ege Univ, 2019) Golcek, Ali Gokhan; Koktas, Altug Murat
    In 1839, the Imperial Edict of Gulhane was declared to erase the impacts of the administrative and financial crises following the Ottoman Regression period. In this sense, the taxation system of the state was changed and it was aimed to overcome the financial crisis. Temettuat (profits tax) registers started to be kept after the Imperial Edict of Gulhane are the records that keep the taxes on micro-scale of the socioeconomic status of the households in the region provides detailed information; real estate, land, zoological and profit in a single book record. The subject of the study consists of the income distribution and relative poverty in the light of the information in the dividend books of Kalkanli District, Bazirgan Karyesi and Ortakoy Karyesi of Andug District that were connected to Nigde Sanjak, Karaman Province. As a result of the calculations, Gini Coefficient was 0.3477 and relative poverty rate was 24% in these districts. In this context, taxation practices are found to be triggering income distribution inequality and yielding regressive consequences.
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    Energy Poverty in Turkey
    (Sosyoekonomi Soc, 2019) Selcuk, Isil Sirin; Golcek, Ali Gokhan; Koktas, Altug Murat
    Access to energy is a prerequisite for human development. For this reason, the concept of energy poverty is carefully monitored by the United Nations and the European Union within the scope of Sustainable Development objectives. In this study, energy poverty is conceptually investigated, and the data related to the current energy consumption and the main indicators of energy poverty in various countries were examined. Moreover, socioeconomic characteristics of energy poor households in Turkey were examined with the help of the 2017 Household Budget Survey data set. According to the most recent data available, about one-quarter of households in Turkey are energy poor while nearly half of the households, which have the lowest income levels, were found to carry the risk of facing energy poverty. For the richest households, this rate is only 3.48%. Additionally, the share of energy poor households was observed to decrease from 2003 to 2017.