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    Assessment of the quality of water resources in the Upper East Region, Ghana: a review
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2020) Abanyie, Samuel Kojo; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Apea, Ohene Boansi; Abagale, Samson; Korboe, Harriet Mateko
    Water is an indispensable resource for human health and social well-being. However, the quality of this critical resource is being threatened by both natural and anthropogenic sources. Surface and groundwater resources in the Upper East Region of Ghana are poorly managed and monitored. The water resources in this part of Ghana are contaminated with coliforms, toxic trace metals, and agrochemicals. Most of the parameters for drinking water quality are seriously being violated in various parts of the region. The major sources of surface water and groundwater pollution in the region are the dissolution of minerals, the widespread application of agrochemicals on farms, biological contamination resulting from human and animal fecal matter due to open defecation and mining activities. These have resulted in diverse health-related problems in the region since the contaminated water sources are the only drinking water supplies for rural folks. Fluoride contamination of the groundwater resources is also a major problem in the region, especially in the Bongo District and the Bolgatanga Municipality, which has resulted in cases of dental fluorosis in these parts of the region. There exists no comprehensive review on the water quality in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Therefore, this review is aimed at discussing the quality of the water resources in the region from previously published works in various parts of the region. The review highlights the major pollutants, pollution sources, and the associated health problems. Recommendations have been offered based on the findings to serve as a framework for policy-making in regard to the water resources in the region.
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    Genome and chromosome properties of bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea
    (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2020) Korboe, Harriet Mateko; Tek, Ahmet Latif
    Bambara yer fıstığı (Vigna subterranea, 2n = 2x = 22), çoğunlukla Afrika'nın kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerinde yetiştirilen yerli baklagil bitkisidir. Yüksek miktarda protein içerdiğinden dolayı çok besleyici bir üründür. Bununla birlikte, bu baklagil bitkisi üzerindeki çalışmalar son derece sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, ayrıntılı kromozom çalışmalarına temel teşkil etmek amacıyla bambara yer fıstığı sentromer DNA dizisi hakkında temel bilgiler sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırma için Nijerya'dan tohumlar kullanıldı. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar bambara yer fıstığının, börülce (V. unguiculata)’de tespit edilen 455 bazçifti (bç) sentromerik DNA tekrarları ile yüksek DNA dizi benzerliğine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. DNA sekans sonuçlarından, klonların boyutlarının börülce genomundaki 455 bç sentromerik DNA tekrarlarından daha az olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca DNA dizi sonuçları içerisinde hiçbir alt motif veya tekrar tespit edilmemiştir. Metafaz kromozom hazırlanmasından, metasentrik ve submetasentrik kromozomlar daha az yapısal değişkenlik ile gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, DAPI boyaması ve sentromerik DNA klonlanmasıyla dizi analizi yapılarak somatik metafaz kromozomlarının hazırlanması için etkili bir yöntem geliştirmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Bambara yer fıstığı, DAPI boyama, klonlam, sentromerik DNA, tandem tekrarlar
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    Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies?
    (Elsevier, 2021) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Korboe, Harriet Mateko; Abu, Mahamuda; Kizildeniz, Tefide
    Governments across the globe are currently besieged with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Although some countries have been largely affected by this pandemic, others are only slightly affected. In this regard, every government is taking precautionary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in wastewater raising an alarm for Africa due to the poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities. Also, most countries in Africa do not have resilient policies governing sanitation and water management systems, which expose them to higher risk levels for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study unearthed the likely sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems (mainly wastewater) in Africa through a holistic review of published works. This provided the opportunity to propose sustainable remedial measures, which can be extrapolated to most developing countries in the world. The principal sources and routes of potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in water systems are hospital sewage, waste from isolation and quarantine centres, faecal-oral transmission, contaminated surface and groundwater sources, and contaminated sewage. The envisioned overwhelming impact of these sources on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through water systems in Africa suggests that governments need to put stringent and sustainable measures to curtail the scourge. Hence, it is proposed that governments in Africa must put measures like improved WASH facilities and public awareness campaigns, suburbanization of wastewater treatment facilities, utilizing low-cost point-of-use water treatment systems, legally backed policy interventions, and Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS). SARS-CoV-2 in water systems can be inactivated and destroyed by integrating ozonation, chlorination, UV irradiation, and sodium hypochlorite in low-cost point-of-use treatment systems. These proposed sustainable remedial measures can help policymakers in Africa to effectively monitor and manage the untoward impact of SARS-CoV-2 on water systems and consequently, on the health of the general public. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.