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    Dependency of thermal and electrical conductivity on temperature and composition of Sn in Pb-Sn alloys
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2010) Ocak, Yavuz; Aksoz, Sezen; Marasli, Necmettin; Cadirli, Emin
    The variations of thermal conductivity with temperature for Pb-Sn alloys were measured using a radial heat flow apparatus. The variations of electrical conductivity with the temperature for same alloys were determined from the Wiedemann-Franz law by using the measured values of thermal conductivity. According to present experimental results, the thermal and electrical conductivity of Pb-Sn alloys linearly decrease with increasing temperature but exponentially increase with increasing the composition of Sn. The enthalpy of fusion and the change of specific heat for Pb-Sn alloys were also determined by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) from heating trace during the transformation from eutectic liquid to eutectic solid. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Determination of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the Sn-Bi-Zn ternary alloy
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2011) Cadirli, Emin; Boyuk, Ugur; Kaya, Hasan; Marasli, Necmettin
    The development of lead-free solders has emerged as one of the key issues in the electronics packaging industries. Sn-Zn-Bi eutectic alloy has been considered as one of the lead-free solder materials that can replace the toxic Pb-Sn eutectic solder without increasing soldering temperature. This study investigates the effect of temperature gradient and growth rate on the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the Sn-Zn-Bi eutectic alloy. Sn-23 wt.% Bi-5 wt.% Zn alloy was directionally solidified upward with different growth rates (V = 8.3-478.6 mu m/s) at a constant temperature gradient (G = 3.99 K/mm) and with different temperature gradients (G = 1.78-3.99 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V = 8.3 mu m/s) in the Bridgman-type growth apparatus. The microhardness (HV), tensile stress (sigma(t)) and compressive stress (sigma(c)) were measured from directionally solidified samples. The dependency of the HV, sigma(t), and sigma(c) for directionally solidified Sn-23 wt.% Bi-5 wt.% Zn alloy on the solidification parameters (G, V) were investigated and the relationships between them were obtained by using regression analysis. According to present results. HV, sigma(t) and sigma(c) of directionally solidified Sn-23 wt.% Bi-5 wt.% Zn alloy increase with increasing G and V. Variations of electrical resistivity (rho) for cast samples with the temperature in the range of 300-420 K were also measured by using a standard dc four-point probe technique. The enthalpy of fusion (Delta H) and specific heat (C-p) for same alloy was also determined by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) from heating trace during the transformation from eutectic liquid to eutectic solid. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Interfacial energy of solid bismuth in equilibrium with Bi-In eutectic liquid at 109.5 degrees C equilibrating temperature
    (KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS, 2008) Ocak, Yavuz; Akbulut, Sezen; Marasli, Necmettin; Keslioglu, Kazim; Boeyuk, Ugur; Kaya, Hasan; Cadirli, Emin
    The interfacial energy of solid bismuth (Bi) in equilibrium with Bi-In eutectic liquid was determined for the equilibrating temperature of 109.5 degrees C. A radial temperature gradient on the sample was established by heating it from the center with a single heating wire and cooling the outside of the sample at -10 degrees C with a heating/refrigerating circulating bath containing an aqueous ethylene glycol solution. The equilibrated grain boundary groove shapes of solid Bi in equilibrium with Bi In eutectic liquid (Bi- 47.3 at.%In) were observed from a sample quenched at 109.5 degrees C. The Gibbs-Thomson coefficient and the solid-liquid interfacial energy of the solid Bi in equilibrium with Bi In eutectic liquid were determined to be (8.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(-8) K in and (54.0 +/- 5.4) x 10(-3) J m(-2) from the observed grain boundary groove shapes. The grain boundary energy of the solid Bi phase was calculated to be (105.5 +/- 11.6) x 10(-3) J m(-2) by considering a force balance at the grain boundary grooves. The thermal conductivities of Bi-47.3 at.%In eutectic liquid phase and the solid Bi-47.3 at.%In phase and their ratio at 109.5 degrees C were measured with a radial heat flow apparatus and a Bridgman type growth apparatus.
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    Unidirectional solidification of Zn-rich Zn-Cu hypoperitectic alloy
    (MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC, 2009) Kaya, Hasan; Engin, Sevda; Boyuk, Ugur; Cadirli, Emin; Marasli, Necmettin
    Zn-0.7 wt% Cu-hypoperitectic alloy was prepared in a graphite crucible under a vacuum atmosphere. Unidirectional solidification of the Zn-0.7 wt% Cu-hypoperitectic alloy was carried out by using a Bridgman-type directional solidification apparatus under two different conditions: (i) with different temperature gradients (G = 3.85-9.95 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (41.63 mu m/s) and (ii) with different growth rate ranges (G = 8.33-435.67 mu m/s) at a constant temperature gradient (3.85 K/mm). The microstructures of the directionally solidified Zn-0.7 wt% Cu-hypoperitectic samples were observed to be a cellular structure. From both transverse and longitudinal sections of the samples, cellular spacing (lambda) and cell-tip radius (R) were measured. The effects of solidification-processing parameters (G and V) on the microstructure parameters (lambda and R) were obtained by using a linear regression analysis. The present experimental results were also compared with the current theoretical and numerical models and similar previous experimental results.