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Öğe Biogas Upgrade Techologies And Biomethane Utulization Oportunities(Mehmet Sinan Bilgili, 2022) Muratcobanoglu, Hamdi; Mert, Ruhullah Ali; Muratcobanoglu, Fatma; Gokcek, Oznur Begum; Demirel, SevgiThe increase at the waste generation and energy demand still remain as a problem to be solved. Anaerobic digestion has a great importance in the term of waste reduction and renewable energy production as a green solution. Methane content of the biogas expresses the energy content and the potential. Removing impurities like CO2 H2S siloxane etc. and increasing the methane content of the biogas is allowing biomethane for further usage. Biomethane can be used as vehicle fuel (diesel replacement), gas grid injection (natural gas replacement), usage as a raw material for ethanol, dimethlyether etc. production other than electricity and heat generation. In this study, biogas upgrade technologies like pressure swing adsorption, membrane processes, scrubbing processes, cryogenic separation and biomethane utilization opportunities in the term of in-situ and ex-situ usage have been reviewed. In addition, the potential utilization areas of biomethane and specific requirements based on biogas quality are investigated comprehensively.Öğe Biomethane enhancement using reduced graphene oxide in anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Muratcobanoglu, Hamdi; Gokcek, Oznur Begum; Muratcobanoglu, Fatma; Mert, Ruhullah Ali; Demirel, SevgiThe present research investigated the impact of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) addition on the semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in the range of 0.5-10 gVolatileSolid(VS)/L(reactor)day organic loading rates (OLR). Adding rGO enhanced the rate and yield of biomethane production, and the maximum biomethane increment rate was obtained as 110% at an OLR of 4.0 gVS/L(reactor)day. However, after increasing the OLR to 6 gVS/L(reactor)day, there was a dramatic decrease in biomethane production because of volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation. Methanotrix is the predominant archaeal genus at OLRs lower than 6 gVS/L(reactor)day in reactors (89-97%). An increment in biomethane production was associated with the higher abundance of the Methanothrix genus in the rGO-supported reactor (rG) than in the control reactor (rC).Öğe İndirgenmiş grafen oksit (rGO) ilavesinin evsel organik atıktan biyogaz ve biyometan üretimine etkisi(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2023) Mert, Ruhullah Ali; Gökçek, Öznur BegümBu tez çalışmasının amacı, Niğde Belediyesi Katı Atık Depolama Tesisinden temin edilen organik atıklarından anaerobik fermantasyon yoluyla biyogaz ve biyometan elde etmektir. Kesikli reaktörler kullanılarak yapılan bu çalışmada iletken malzeme olarak indirgenmiş grafen oksit (rGO) kullanılmıştır. Karakterizasyon işlemlerini takiben ideal S/I oranını ve rGO dozajını belirlemek amacıyla kesikli reaktörlerde optimizasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 6 farklı S/I oranı (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 ve 4 gUK/gUK) ve farklı rGO konsantrasyonları (0-10-20-30 mg/L) çalışılmıştır. Biyogaz ve biyometan üretimi için en yüksek sonuç S/I=1 oranı ve 20 mg/L rGO dozlamasında, 815,66 mL/gUK ve 525,12 mL/gUK olarak elde edilmiştir. En yüksek toplam katı madde (TKM) ve uçucu katı madde (UKM) giderim oranları en yüksek biyometan verimi ile uyumlu olarak S/I=1 gUK/gUK reaktöründe gözlenmiştir. Biyogaz ve metan üretiminde en iyi üretimin olduğu S/I=1 gUK/gUK ve 20 mg/L rGO içeren reaktörü uçucu organik asit türü sayısı en fazla olan reaktördür (asetik asit %3,65; propiyonik asit %13,82; bütirik asit %15,7; iso-valerik asit %10,16). Reaktörlerdeki toplam organik karbon (TOK) konsantrasyonları değerlendirildiğinde, S/I=0-0,5 ve 1 gUK/gUK örneklerinde TOK değerleri birbirine yakın gözlenmiştir.Öğe Simultaneous synergistic effects of graphite addition and co-digestion of food waste and cow manure: Biogas production and microbial community(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Muratcobanoglu, Hamdi; Gokcek, Oznur Begum; Mert, Ruhullah Ali; Zan, Recep; Demirel, SevgiThe effects of graphite on the anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW), cow manure (CM) and its mixture (FW/CM) via batch experiments under mesophilic conditions have been investigated in this study. Maximum biogas production with graphite addition for FW + 1 g/L, CM + 1.5 g/L and FW/CM + 0.75 g/L are 1128.46, 829.6 and 1471.1 mL/gVS respectively. Additionally, this study investigates the link between microbial community structure and biogas production when graphite addition of anaerobic digester was conducted. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing results, Aminiphilus (13-14%), Actinobaculum (13-15%) and Clostridium (12-18%) were the predominant bacterial genera in graphite-added FW, CM and FW/CM reactors, respectively. Comparatively higher biogas production of FW/CM synergistically affected by abundances of Clostridium as well as co-digestion in this anaerobic digestion setup. Methanosaeta was the most abundant methanogen in the graphite added digesters; however, the relative abundance of these genera was different.Öğe The impact of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supplementation on cattle manure anaerobic digestion: Focusing on process performance and microbial syntrophy(Elsevier, 2021) Muratcobanoglu, Hamdi; Gokcek, Oznur Begum; Mert, Ruhullah Ali; Zan, Recep; Demirel, SevgiAt a time when there is a surge in demand for increasing renewable energy production, boosting biomethane production per unit organic matter/waste has become a big challenge and necessity. In this study, the effect of rGO addition on biomethane production from cow manure under mesophilic-batch conditions was investigated. Biomethane production was increased via rGO supplementation at appropriate concentrations. The highest biomethane production, which was 335 mL/gVS(ad) (65 % increase), was obtained by adding 20 mg/L rGO (CM20) while rGO addition slightly increased (up to 5.4 %) the CH4 content of biogas. The microbial community analysis indicated that via rGO supplementation, the dominant bacteria changed from Levilinea to Candidatus Cloacamonas and a more diverse archaeal community was formed. According to this study results, rGO supplementation could be used at biogas plants to boost renewable energy production.
