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Öğe Effect and infestation levels of groundnut pod borer (Elasmolomus sordidus) on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and farm control measures in Tedema, Builsa-North District of the Upper East Region, Ghana(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2020) Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Angyiereyiri, Elijah DakorahGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea), an ancient oilseed crop is cultivated worldwide for its beneficial uses. It is one of the main cultivated crops in Northern Ghana. Pod borers (Elasmolomus sordidus) are the major biotic setbacks of groundnut production in the Upper East Region of Ghana, where it infests almost every farm in the region especially Tedema in the Builsa North District. The research hence assess the effects of the pod borer on the groundnut, and find measures to control it. There was a high positive correlation between days of exposer of the groundnut to Elasmolomus sordidus, and weight loss of the groundnut kernel with above 80% correlation coefficient and p < 0.05 for all analysis. The % pod infestation and weight loss ranged from 11.80% to 26.04% and 9.01% to 22.17%, respectively. The abundance of Elasmolomus sordidus on the field increase with time. The weight loss of groundnut kernel caused by Elamolomus sordidus also increases with time of exposer of the groundnut to Elasmolomus sordidus. Farm sanitation and immediate harvesting of the groundnut after the uprooting of the groundnut are control measures identified to offset the pod borer infestation. Platostoma africanum was also identified to repel Elasmolomus sordidus when placed within the groundnuts as it reduces the infestation of Elasmolomus sordidus on the groundnut. Further research strategies are recommended for the effect of pests on the oil content and germination properties of the groundnut.Öğe Effect of Drought Stress on Morphological and Yield Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Breeding Lines(Springer, 2024) Ibrahim, Sani Ibrahim; Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Caliskan, Mehmet EminAbiotic stresses are the major constraint that limits the productivity of potatoes. Among all the major abiotic stresses, drought is the main stress that is increasing on a yearly basis. Therefore, the current field study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and yield characteristics of 29 potato genotypes. Plants were divided into control and drought stress groups, and plants were acclimatized to drought stress 45 days after sowing (DAS). The irrigation regime was maintained at 3-day interval for control group plants, while for the drought stress treatment, the field was irrigated at 6-day interval. Performance of potato plants was observed by measuring morpho-physiological and yield traits that included canopy temperature, chlorophyll contents, growth duration, plant height, stand establishment, and number of stems per plant. Finally, potato tuber traits were measured (number of tubers, tuber weight, and marketable tuber weight). All potato breeding lines showed contrasting behaviour in response to drought stress. Results showed that potato breeding lines 7, 9, 11, 20, 12, 16, 22, 21, 10, and 18 suggested tolerance as they showed the least reduction in yield characteristics, whereas genotypes 1, 26, 24, 4, 27, 6, 8, 29, 23, 26, 3, and 5 showed poor performance as they failed to cope with stress conditions. Broad sense heritability showed 77% variability that suggested decreased effect of environment on potato genotypes for the selection of high-yielding tubers. The resilient potato breeding lines showed the potential to be stably used as potato breeding material for stress tolerance. These tolerant lines can be used by future breeding programmes to develop resilient cultivars to cope with drought stress problems and to ensure food security.Öğe Effects of Elevated Temperature on Agronomic, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Potato Genotypes: 1. Agronomic and Morphological traits(Springer, 2024) Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Koeken, Ibrahim; Aytekin, Ramazan Ilhan; Gleku, Olivet Delasi; Caliskan, Sevgi; Caliskan, Mehmet EminGlobal elevated temperatures create uncertainties in crop yield production and sustainability, threatening potatoes' food security and sustainability roles. This has been among the primary research concerns necessitating the need to evaluate potato genotypes' response to elevated temperature under field conditions. This study assessed potato genotypes' agronomic and morphological responses to elevated temperatures. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in the 2022 and 2023 cropping seasons in a split-plot design. Two heat treatments were applied; a control treatment in which the plants received the field temperature of the experimental station, and a heat treatment in which the plants received a temperature of + 6.0-10.0 degrees C depending on the date and time of day. The agronomic and morphological traits evaluated included tuber yield, mean tuber weight, days to emergence, plant height, number of stems per plant, days to physiological maturity, and tuber size distribution. The results showed significant (P < 0.01) variations in the potato genotypes in response to elevated temperature in all traits except days to emergence. Elevated temperature promoted plant height by 36.94%, and days to physiological maturity by 2.55%, while reducing the number of stems per plant by 11.77% and days to emergence by 2.31%. Furthermore, elevated temperature increased total tuber yield by 25.38%, the number of tubers per plant by 18.75%, mean tuber weight by 8.89%, third-class tuber size distribution by 25.95% and malformed tuber ratio by 1.98%, while decreasing first-class tuber size distribution by 10.11%, second-class size distribution by 1.70% and marketable tuber yield by 4.22%. The results of this study demonstrated the impact of heat stress on potato tuber yield and size distribution. The study showed that temperatures around 27.0 degrees C to 33.0 degrees C effectively promoted total tuber yield, number of tubers per plant and mean tuber weight; thus, an increase in temperature within the effective range of potato plants promoted yield and yield-related components. This study demonstrates that open-sided field chambers can be a screening tool for heat tolerance of potato genotypes under field conditions. Potato genotypes with less variation in the traits between the heat and control treatment demonstrate heat tolerance and could be used as selection markers for heat-tolerant genotypes.Öğe Genotype X environment interaction and stability analysis of potato breeding lines(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2020) Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Çalışkan, Mehmet EminThis study was conducted in 2019 to evaluate genotype by environment interaction (GEI) and stability analysis of twelve potato breeding lines and three standard cultivars in three different environments in respect to yield and quality traits. Finlay and Wilkinson's regression model, and Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analysis were used to evaluate GEI and stability of potato genotypes. There were highly significant (p? 0.01) effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and GEI on yield and quality traits of potato genotypes tested. The breeding line MEÇ1407.17 gave the maximum yields of 967.0 g/plant, 41.77 t/ha and 41.60 t/ha while Russet Burbank produced the lowest yields of 400.8 g/plant, 17.04 t/ha and 16.66 t/ha for total plant yield, total tuber yield and marketable tuber yield, respectively. The breeding lines gave higher dry matter content and specific gravity than standard cultivars. The highest dry matter content (25.6%) and specific gravity (1.106) were obtained from the breeding line of MACAR1402.10 while Agria gave the lowest values of 19.15% and 1.076. Sivas location was the best environment in terms of tuber yield. The breeding lines MEÇ1407.17, MEÇ1407.05, MEÇ1407.08 and MEÇ1411.06 were identified as candidate cultivars due to their high tuber yield and stable performances across different environments.Öğe Morpho-Physiological Evaluation of Potato Genotypes Reveals Differential Responses to Drought Stress under Field Conditions(Springer, 2023) Ibrahim, Sani Ibrahim; Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Caliskan, Mehmet EminPotato yield and quality productivity are often constrained by drought stress, which affects food security and sustainability. However, under natural growth conditions, few studies have investigated the response of potato genotypes under field conditions. This study was conducted to assess the response of 29 potato genotypes to drought stress under field conditions. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block with four replications for two potato-growing seasons using drip irrigation. Drought treatment was initiated 35 days after sowing. The stress treatment was irrigated at 3-day intervals, while the control treatment was irrigated at 6-day intervals until 15 days before harvesting. All potato genotypes showed differential responses to drought stress, with plant height, leaf temperature, leaf area index, total tuber yield, marketable tuber yield and dry matter content being significantly (p <= 0.05) affected. Based on the drought tolerance, drought susceptibility and yield stability indices, genotypes MEc04, MEc07, MEc12, MEc13, MEc16, MEc17, MEc19, MEc20, MEc22, and MEc24 showed tolerance to drought stress conditions, while the rest of the potato genotypes were susceptible to drought. An analysis of Pearson correlation and principal component analysis indicated that the first four PCs accounted for 70.77% of the total variation in stand establishment, number of stems per plant, plant height, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, specific gravity, total tuber yield, and marketable tuber yield. Potato breeding material for drought stress tolerance could be derived from these resilient potato breeding lines for potato breeders for future breeding programs to cope with drought stress problems and ensure food security. This study also provides potato farmers and breeders with the characteristic features of potato genotypes ideal for water stress and water-abundant environments. Research is recommended to examine the correlation between morphophysiological and biochemical traits of potato genotypes under water stress conditions by combining morphophysiological and biochemical traits. El rendimiento de la papa y la calidad de la productividad con frecuencia se ven limitados por el agobio de la sequia, que afecta la seguridad alimentaria y la sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, en condiciones naturales de crecimiento, pocos estudios han investigado la respuesta de los genotipos de la papa en condiciones de campo. Este estudio se realizo para evaluar la respuesta de 29 genotipos de papa al agobio por sequia en condiciones de campo. El experimento se establecio en un bloque completo aleatorio con cuatro repeticiones para dos ciclos de cultivo de papa utilizando riego por goteo. El tratamiento de la sequia se inicio 35 dias despues de la siembra. El tratamiento de estres se rego a intervalos de 3 dias, mientras que el tratamiento testigo se rego a intervalos de 6 dias hasta 15 dias antes de la cosecha. Todos los genotipos de papa mostraron respuestas diferenciales al agobio por sequia, siendo la altura de la planta, la temperatura de la hoja, el indice de area foliar, el rendimiento total del tuberculo, el rendimiento comercializable del tuberculo y el contenido de materia seca afectados significativamente (p <= 0,05). Con base en los indices de tolerancia a la sequia, susceptibilidad a la sequia y estabilidad del rendimiento, los genotipos MEc04, MEc07, MEc12, MEc13, MEc16, MEc17, MEc19, MEc20, MEc22 y MEc24 mostraron tolerancia a condiciones de agobio por sequia, mientras que el resto de los genotipos fueron susceptibles. Un analisis de la correlacion de Pearson y el analisis de componentes principales indico que los primeros cuatro PC representaron el 70,77% de la variacion total en el establecimiento, el numero de tallos por planta, la altura de la planta, el indice de area foliar, el contenido de clorofila de la hoja, la temperatura de la hoja, la gravedad especifica, el rendimiento total del tuberculo y el rendimiento comercializable del tuberculo. El material de mejoramiento de papa para la tolerancia al agobio por sequia podria derivarse de estas lineas de mejoramiento de papa resilientes para los mejoradores de papa para futuros programas de mejoramiento para hacer frente a los problemas de estres por sequia y garantizar la seguridad alimentaria. Este estudio tambien proporciona a los productores y mejoradores de papa los rasgos caracteristicos de los genotipos de papa ideales para el agobio hidrico y los ambientes abundantes en agua. Se recomienda la investigacion para examinar la correlacion entre los rasgos morfofisiologicos y bioquimicos de los genotipos de la papa en condiciones de agobio hidrico mediante la combinacion de rasgos morfofisiologicos y bioquimicos.Öğe SNP Markers Associated with Some Root, Stolon, and Tuber Traits in Tetraploid Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown Under Diverse Growing Systems(Springer, 2024) Yousaf, Muhammad Farhan; Demirel, Ufuk; Naeem, Muhammad; Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Caliskan, Mehmet EminNumerous loci, environmental factors, and their interactions have an impact on the phenotypic diversity of several significant traits in plants. One approach put forth in recent years for genetic research and finding quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the specific trait is association mapping. The purpose of the current study was to pinpoint the genetic underpins of significant underground traits in potato. A panel of 192 diverse tetraploid potato genotypes from different countries were grown under different growing conditions (i.e., aeroponics and pot) to study root, stolon and tuber traits. Significant differences (P <= 0.01) were found between the genotypes for all examined traits, and the heritability (H-2) of the traits ranged from 0.74 to 0.94. Genotyping was carried out using the SolCAP 25K array. 21,226 polymorphic SNPs were used for association mapping of underground traits. A GWASpoly R package was implemented for the marker-trait associations, and 78 genomic regions were found associated with the traits under investigation.. The history of potato breeding was reflected in LD patterns. The identified SNPs have their putative gene functions related to the root and stolon architecture and tuber growth (i.e., WRKY transcription factor, MAPK, the GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (i.e., GTPCHI), Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductase, and pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha (PFPase). The results of the present study provides a framework that could be helpful for future potato breeding programs to increase tuber production and reduce the challenges of feeding the world's population in the years to come.
