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    A Review of the Environmental Sustainability History of the World and Turkey
    (Kare Publ, 2021) Akbulut, Ayse; Ozcevik, Ozlem
    This study focuses on the recent past of the concept of sustainability, and one of its most important components, environmental sustainability which included our lives in the second half of the 20th century. Sustainable development was recognized internationally for the first time in 1987 as a general expression of the search for a balance among economy, society, and nature in terms of the resources with the principle of intergenerational equality. After this date, both Turkey and many other nations of the world provided various agreements and commitments on environmental sustainability related to their concerns for the common future. In this context, the aim of the study is to review the progress and the results of these various approaches. Turkey's history of environmental sustainability at both international and national levels has been examined in four periods. Periods are examined according to dominant sentiment, national period-specific characteristics, international treaties, legislative regulations, urban planning characteristics, and planning paradigm titles. It is found that both global and local goals have not been achieved yet, by this study which scrutinizes the recent history with almost 50 years to the present. The process that started with real problems and sensitivity in the practice continued with fashion and discursive expressions in times. It is understood that the sustainable urban environment, one of the main goals of urban planning has also turned into an ideal. Therefore, the steps that will be taken by Turkey within the environmental crisis period which have been experienced since 2010 are also supposed to determine the future of urban planning.
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    Green Settlement Planning and Design: The First National and Institutional Certification Attempt for Turkey
    (Kare Publ, 2019) Ozcevik, Ozlem; Oguz, Melis; Akbulut, Ayse
    The concept of sustainability should be significantly integrated into practice as well as into contemporary urbanism principles as innovative technological approaches for designing the future cities of 21st century. A green certification can be accepted as an essential tool to provide the location-specific, measurable, monitorable, updatable components and parameters of sustainability. The aim of the study is to discuss the preparation of analysis and synthesis of green building and settlement certification that is carried out with the Ministry of Environment and Urbanism and to share the results of the significant experience which is dealing with global objectives at the national and local scale. This first experience will be evaluated under the indicators of land use, ecology and disaster management topics related to their contribution in sustainable urban development with a notion of providing social and economic sustainability of urban livelihoods. Alongside the evaluation this paper will provide a comparison of this national intervention with other widely used and world-known international green certifications. Having elaborated international green certificates to build the infrastructure for a national certificate on urban scale, the major land use decisions for the sustainable settlements prove to provide integrity between the green scales building and settlement. Thus, the researchers decided to emphasize the major subjects of ecological assets and land evaluation, sustainable site selection and energy efficient planning, sustainable urban development and land use, environmental management and infrastructure planning, disaster mitigation in conjunction with socio-cultural quality and socio-economic welfare to insure sustainability measures in Turkish settlements. The decisions on the parameters also help other components of sustainability to relate among whole dynamics of the city. Therefore, the suggestions for a national green certificate in this study are expected to contribute to the adoption of realistic and practical steps necessary to achieve sustainability goals.