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    Characterization of Potato Golden Cyst Nematode Populations (Globodera rostochiensis) in Turkey
    (Friends Science Publ, 2020) Toktay, Halil; Evlice, Emre; Imren, Mustafa; Ozer, Goksel; Ali, Muhammad Amjad; Dababat, Abdelfattah
    Golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens, is one of the most important soilborne pathogens causing economic losses in potato. The nematode is known to occurin several countries including Turkey and has a worldwide regulatory concern. In this study, identification and genetic diversity of G. rostochiensis specimens obtained from the main potato producing areas of Turkey were determined. Twenty -five of 35 soil samples collected from the provinces of Izmir, Nevsehir and Nigde were found to contain G. rostochiensis. The variation between G. rostochiensis populations was determined when examined according to ecological and pathogenic characteristics of nematode in Turkey. The cysts of G. rostochiensis were identified by measuring the morphological characters using perennial patterns, vulval cone, vulval basin and juveniles. Phylogenetic analysis of the Large Sub Unit (LSU) region of rDNA sequences was used to assess the inter or intra phylogenetic relationships between the nematode populations. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the nematode specimens from Turkey cluster with Globodera spp. and signified the presence of single species of G. rostochiensis. As a result, morphological, morphometric and molecular methods were successfully combined for identification and characterization of G. rostochiensis. The frequency of G. rostochiensis in regulatory samples frompotato -producing areas is becoming increasingly important. The morphological characterization has several complications in the detection of this quarantine nematode, using of this combination is beneficial for a reliable and quick diagnostic for these nematodes which is crucial for regulatory services and growers. The results might help to investigate different ecotypes of G. rostochiensis for comprehensive understanding about physiology, ecology , and biology of the genus Globodera for its effective management in Turkey. (C) 2020 Friends Science Publishers
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    Phytopythium litorale: A Novel Killer Pathogen of Plane (Platanus orientalis) Causing Canker Stain and Root and Collar Rot
    (Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2020) Dervis, Sibel; Turkolmez, Sahimerdan; Ciftci, Osman; Ozer, Goksel; Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Dikilitas, Murat
    Decline symptoms associated with lethal stem and branch canker stain along with root and collar rots were observed on 5- to 7-year-old roadside oriental plane trees (Platanus orientalis) in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Aboveground symptoms included leaf necrosis, leaf curling, extensive bluish or blackish staining of shoots, branches, stem bark, and wood surfaces, as well as stem cankers and exfoliation of branch bark scales. A general decline of the trees was distinctly visible from a distance. A Phytophthora/Pythium-like oomycete species with globose to ovoid, often papillate and internally proliferating sporangia was consistently isolated from the fine and coarse roots and stained branch parts and shoots. The pathogen was identified as Phytopythium litorale based on several morphological features. Partial DNA sequences of three loci, including nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large ribosomal subunit (LSU), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (coxII) confirmed the morphological identification. All P. litorale isolates were homothallic, developing gametangia, ornamented oogonia with elongate to lobate antheridia. Pathogenicity of P. litorale was tested by inoculation on excised shoots and by root inoculation on seedlings. P. litorale produced large lesions and blights on shoots in just 5 days and killed 100% of the seedlings in a month. This paper presents the first confirmed report of P. litorale as an important pathogen on a plant species causing branch and stem cankers, and root and collar rot, in and on P. orientalis, resulting in a rapid decline of trees and suggesting a threat to plane.