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    The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on catheter infection model
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2024) Aysert-Yildiz, Pinar; Kalkanci, Ayse; Erdogan, Merve; Ozger, Hasan Selcuk; Oztuerk, Ali; Guezel-Tunccan, Ozlem; Dizbay, Murat
    Background/Aim: This experimental study aimed to examine the effectiveness of transdermal antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) with and without antimicrobial lock therapy (ALT), on catheter biofilms. Methods: S. epidermidis and C. orthopsilosis biofilms were formed within peripheral venous catheters positioned in the marginal ear veins of New Zealand white rabbits. Biofilm formation was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy in two catheters. 24 catheters with staphylococcal biofilms and 24 with fungal biofilms were treated with APDT, ALT or APDT plus ALT for five days. Six catheters were separated as controls. APDT was applied with a red colored LED lamp and methylene blue as the photosensitizer. Vancomycin lock solutions were used as ALT for staphylococcal biofilms and amphotericin B for fungal biofilms. The effect of treatment procedures was evaluated by intraluminal biofilm viability testing based on spectrophotometric evaluation, and a quantitative (OD) value was obtained for each catheter. Results: The mean OD values obtained by 600 nm spectrophotometric reading at 24 h (biofilm viability) after ALT, APDT and ALT plus APDT procedures were 0.363, 0.151 and 0.128 for S. epidermidis and 0.092, 0.104 and 0.227 for C. orthopsilosis, respectively. All these OD values obtained after treatment procedures were lower than controls for both S. epidermidis (OD: 0,802) and C. orthopsilosis (OD: 0,315), although there were large fluctuations in our results. Conclusions: Our results suggest that transdermal APDT may be an effective method for treating staphylococcal and candida biofilms formed within intravenous catheters in our rabbit ear model. The combined use of APDT and ALT might be beneficial in these staphylococcal biofilms.