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Öğe Determination of resistance against to Cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber, 1924) in some wheat germplasm(ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC TURKEY, EGE UNIV, 2013) Imren, Mustafa; Toktay, Halil; Bozbuga, Refik; Dababat, Amer; Ozkan, Hakan; Elekcioglu, I. HalilThe cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae is one of the most important pests of wheat in many countries in the world with different climatic types. Heterodera. avenae is commonly distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and all populations investigated belong to the Hal group, Ha21 pathotype. This study was aimed to found resistance sources from the national wheat varieties, wheat wild genotypes and international wheat genotypes against H. avenae Karlik Adana population (Ha21 pathotype). Results showed that four national wheat varieties, seventeen wheat wild genotypes and twenty three international wheat genotypes were found to be moderately resistant against to Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey H. avenae population. Among these genotypes, the national bread wheat variety, Adana 99 (PFAU/SERI82//BOG"S"), some wild genotypes and international genotypes can be used in national wheat breeding programmes. However, Crel was not showed completely resistant against H. avenae. Additionally resistance sources in of Turkish national wheat and wild genotypes needs to be determined.Öğe Effects of different priming applications on seed germination and some agromorphological characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2015) Toklu, Faruk; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Karakoy, Tolga; Ozkan, HakanThis study was conducted to determine the effects of some priming treatments on seed germination properties, grain yield, and several agromorphological characteristics of bread wheat. Two commonly grown bread wheat varieties, namely Adana-99 and Pandas, were selected for experimentation conducted during the 2007-08 and 2008-09 growing periods. The seeds of the Adana-99 and Pandas wheat varieties were primed with the following: (1) distilled water, (2) 100 ppm indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), (3) 2.5% potassium chloride (KCl), (4) 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), (5) 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), or (6) gibberellic acid (GA(3), used only for field experiments). Nonprimed seeds were used as the control group. First 1000 mL of priming media was prepared for each priming treatment, and seeds of both varieties were rinsed in the solution for 12 h at room temperature. Germination percentage at two different temperatures (10 degrees C and 20 degrees C), coleoptile length, seedling emergence percentage, and seedling growth rate were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Primed seeds of both varieties were sown on two different dates under field conditions to evaluate certain agromorphological characteristics. PEG, IAA, and distilled water treatments increased seed germination percentage, seedling emergence percentage, and seedling growth rate. PEG, KCl, and hydropriming treatments increased grain yield compared to the control. Among the different priming agents used in the study, PEG, KCl, and hydropriming were the most effective treatments to attain higher germination percentage and grain yield.Öğe Insect-resistant transgenic crops: retrospect and challenges(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2015) Bakhsh, Allah; Khabbazi, Saber Delpasand; Baloch, Faheem Shahzad; Demirel, Ufuk; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Hatipoglu, Rustu; Ozkan, HakanThe advent of genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture remarkably with the development of superior insect-resistant crop varieties harboring resistance against insect pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as a main source for insect-resistant genes. In addition to Bt endotoxins, various plant lectins and other non-Bt genes from different sources have also been introduced in crop plants of economic importance. The insect-resistant crops have made a huge economic impact worldwide since their commercial release. The cultivation of insect-resistant cultivars has resulted both in increased crop productivity and in decreased environmental pollution. Although insect-resistant crops have been allowed to be commercialized following proper biosafety guidelines and procedures, still these crops face many challenges in order to be fully adopted and accepted. The degradation kinetics of Bt proteins, horizontal and vertical gene flow, effects on nontarget insects or organisms, antibiotic resistance, and some other unintended effects have been noted and discussed. Although no concrete evidence regarding any significant hazard of genetically engineered crops has been presented so far, the debate still remains intense. Impartial and professionally competent regulatory mechanisms for the evaluation of insect-resistant and other transgenic crops must be fully functionalized. The first part of this review focuses the development of different insect-resistant crops and various strategies adapted to delay resistance development in insect pests, while the second part addresses the challenges and future prospects of insect-resistant crops.Öğe QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum L.) GERMPLASM UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED FIELD CONDITIONS(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2023) Demirel, Ufuk; Koken, Ibrahim; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Ozkan, HakanWheat is usually grown as a rainfed crop and no irrigation is applied in most production fields. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quality characteristics of durum wheat germplasm in under rainfed and irrigated field conditions during 2019-2020 and 2021-2022 growing seasons. The experiments were laid out in 12x12 alpha lattice block design with two replicates for rainfed and irrigated experiments. Grain protein content, starch content, wet gluten content and test weight were examined for 125 genotypes which consisted of fifty local cultivars, nineteen foreign cultivars used in Turkey, forty two gene bank landraces (ex situ) and fourteen local landraces (in situ). Supplemental irrigation resulted in a decrease in grain protein content and wet gluten content but an increase in starch content. Ex situ landraces (17.48%) and in situ landraces (16.62%) had higher grain protein content mean values under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. The correlation coefficient was 0.82 between grain protein content-wet gluten content whereas it was-0.77 and-0.65 between grain protein content -starch content and wet gluten content-starch content, respectively. The decrease in protein and gluten content in local and foreign cultivars was more dramatic in both years compared to landraces. Our results indicated that ex situ landraces have a great potential in terms of grain quality characteristics. The high genotypic diversity and improved quality characteristics in landraces provided extensive insights for future studies to improve crop quality in areas with limited irrigation opportunities.Öğe Use of Genetic Engineering: Benefits and Health Concerns(CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, 2016) Bakhsh, Allah; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Hatipoglu, Rustu; Ozkan, Hakan; Hui, YH; Evranuz, EO[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Variation for selected morphological and quality-related traits among 178 faba bean landraces collected from Turkey(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2014) Karakoy, Tolga; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Toklu, Faruk; Ozkan, HakanFaba bean is cultivated worldwide and widely used in Mediterranean countries, Asia and Europe. However, only a few faba bean breeders are active in cultivar development. As a result, a limited number of varieties are available for growers. Plant genetic resources or germplasm are fundamental sources for plant breeding, and the assessment of the genetic diversity among germplasm accessions is useful to facilitate more efficient use of plant genetic resources. A mini-core collection of faba bean germplasm (178 landraces and four cultivars), from diverse geographic regions of Turkey, was assessed for agro-morphological performance and some quality traits. There were substantial variations for the investigated morphological and quality characteristics. The analysis of variance revealed that the differences among 182 accessions were significant for all the studied characters. Some accessions showed very good agronomic performance for some traits. Positive and negative correlations existed among different morphological and agronomic traits. Landraces have been classified into four different groups using a cluster analysis. These results suggest that an a priori classification of accessions according to the growing area does not strictly correspond to phenotypic grouping. From the spatial distribution of landraces, however, it has been possible to identify 'superior' accessions of some traits. These findings indicate a number of useful traits in the gene pools and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in modern faba bean breeding programmes.Öğe Variation of some seed mineral contents in open pollinated faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces from Turkey(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2014) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Karakoy, Tolga; Demirbas, Ahmet; Toklu, Faruk; Ozkan, Hakan; Hatipoglu, RustuThe first step towards the biofortification of edible portions of crop species with improved nutritional value is to understand the genetic diversity available to breeders in germplasm collections. A faba bean germplasm (129 landraces and 4 cultivars) from diverse geographic regions of Turkey was assessed for micro- and macro element contents of seeds. The results showed high diversity in open-pollinated faba bean germplasm for contents of N (27.5-93.3 g kg(-1)), P (1.24-4.89 g kg(-1)), K (4.5-19.3 g kg(-1)), Fe (29.7-96.3 mg kg(-1)), Mn (15.5-29.2 mg kg(-1)), Cu (10.3-33.0 mg kg(-1)), and Zn (10.4-49.3 mg kg(-1)). Meanwhile, the ranges of mineral elements in the landraces were significantly higher than those in the commercial cultivars. Concentrations of these mineral elements were significantly and positively correlated with each other. Principal component analysis clearly split the faba bean landraces into 2 groups and the first 2 principal components accounted around 70.91% of the total variations. These findings indicate a wide range of variations for the investigated minerals in the Turkish gene pool that can provide a good source of diversity to use in faba bean biofortification for increased levels of available mineral elements and better yield.
