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    Effects of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Kindling on Mature and Immature Rat Behavior, Emotional Learning, and Nitric Oxide Level in Brain and Serum
    (Kare Publ, 2019) Gol, Mehmet Fatih; Erdogan, Fusun Ferda; Kanan, Derya Deniz; Kanbur, Murat; Golgeli, Asuman; Ozturk, Ahmet
    Objectives:This aim of this study was to investigate emotional memory-learning and behavioral functions, as well as the relationship between these functions and the nitric oxide (NO) level in the serum and brain of mature and immature rats following pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling. Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar albino rats were included in the study. Kindling was induced by repeated injections of a subconvulsive dose of PTZ (30 mg/kg) on alternate days until kindling development.The rats were tested using an elevated T-maze and an open-field test after PTZ kindling. Brain and serum NO levels were assessed. Results: Although both mature and immature rats were susceptible to PTZ-induced seizures, the mature rats had seizures of longer duration than the immature rats, with the exception of infants. There was no demonstrated effect of PTZ-kindling on emotional memory and learning functions in any of the rats. Anxiety levels were low in the mature-kindled rats but were high in the immature-kindled rats. NO levels in the brain were elevated and anxiety reactions were below normal in the mature rats. In immature rats, however, NO levels were normal, but anxiety reactions were elevated. Conclusion: Seizure susceptibility, emotional responses, and the relationship between these factors and brain NO level after PTZ-kindling differed in rats based on brain maturity status.
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    Visibility Evaluation and Suitability Analysis of Fire Lookout Towers in Mediterranean Region, Southwest Anatolia/Turkiye
    (Mdpi, 2023) Cosgun, Ufuk; Coskun, Muecahit; Toprak, Ferhat; Yildiz, Damla; Coskun, Sevda; Tasoglu, Enes; Ozturk, Ahmet
    The effectiveness of fire towers in combating forest fires relies on their appropriate observation angles, enabling a swift and efficient response to fire incidents. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of 49 fire towers located within the Antalya Forestry Regional Directorate, situated in the Mediterranean basin-a region prone to frequent forest fires. The assessment encompasses the visibility of the entire study area, including forested regions, as well as the visibility of 2504 forest fires recorded by the towers between 2008 and 2021. Furthermore, the evaluation considers the objectives based on Forest Management Directorates and conducts a location suitability analysis for the six towers with the lowest visibility.We utilized the Viewshed Tool in the ArcGIS application and employed the Best-Worst approach. Two scenarios were devised, considering smoke height at 0 m or 100 m, to determine the visibility of fire lookout towers. In Scenario I, assuming a smoke height of 100 m, only three towers exhibited visibility above 70%. However, in Scenario II, assuming a smoke height of 0 m, no towers achieved visibility above 70%. Scenario I indicated that only two towers possessed a view of more than 70% of the forested region, while Scenario II suggested that no towers met this criterion. For the visibility of forest fires, Scenario I identified seven towers capable of observing more than 70%, whereas Scenario II indicated that no towers possessed such capability. In the tower suitability analysis, the visibility rates varied from 41.18% to 1016.67%. Based on the evaluation results, the current visibility capacities of the 49 fire towers proved insufficient for effective preventive measures.