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    Antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA protection activities of phenolic content of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P.Kumm.
    (Biointerface Research Applied Chemistry, 2020) Selamoglu, Zeliha; Sevindik, Mustafa; Bal, Celal; Ozaltun, Betul; Sen, Ismail; Pasdaran, Ardalan
    Tricholoma is one of the famous genera of Basidiomycota division. Although some species of this genus have been used as culinary mushrooms, very negligible investigations have been conducted on Tricholoma genus phenolic contents and their biological activities. In the present study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and DNA protection properties of total phenolic contents of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P. Kumm. (54% methanolic extract) were assessed. T. virgatum phenolic content was determined by an analytic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method based on compression with standard phenolic compounds including gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and coumaric acid. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were determined using Rel Assay kits. For DNA protective potential assay, pBR322 supercoiled DNA method was used. The antimicrobial activity assay was done based on the agar dilution method on six different microorganisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The total phenolic contents of this mushroom lied within range of 2.02-56.85 ppm based on coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid as standards. TAS, TOS, and OSI values were determined as 3.754 +/- 0.088 mmol/L, 8.362 +/- 0.085 mu mol/L, and 0.223 +/- 0.007, respectively. T. virgatum methanol extract could exhibit a protective effect on DNA against the hydroxyl radical at 100 mu g/mL concentration. Although T. virgatum is not recommended as an edible mushroom, according to our results, this mushroom could be considered as valuable source for phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant/antimicrobial effects.
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    In vitro and in silico approach to determine neuroprotective properties of iridoid glycosides from aerial parts of Scrophularia amplexicaulis by investigating their cholinesterase inhibition and anti-oxidant activities
    (Amg Transcend Assoc, 2020) Hamedi, Azadeh; Zengin, Gokhan; Aktumsek, Abdurrahman; Selamoglu, Zeliha; Pasdaran, Ardalan
    Three iridoid glycosides included 6-O-methyl, 1-glucopyranosyl catalpol (Compound 1), 6-O-a-L (3-O-trans, 4-O-trans cinnamoyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (Compound 2) and scropolioside D (Compound 3) were isolated from aerial parts of S. amplexicaulis using chromatographic methods. The structures were determined by different spectroscopic data. The inhibitory effects (IC50 values) of the compounds on cholinesterase (AChE and BChE) was determined by in-vitro assays. Docking studied were performed to investigate receptor-ligands interactions. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2, 2'azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline]-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation, cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating assays. AChE and BChE were moderately inhibited by all of the investigated iridoid glycosides (compared to galantamine). Compound 2 and compound 3 showed comparable anti-oxidant effects with the Trolox as the control in phosphomolybdenum assay. Also, compound 1, showed acceptable activities in ABTS radical scavenging and Phosphomolybdenum assays compared to the control.