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    EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF TECHNOLOGY-INDUSTRY 4.0 RELATION OF THE EFFECT ON TRADE: AN ANALYSIS ON TURKEY
    (2019) Pehlivan, Ceren; Efeoğlu, Rabia
    The concept of Industry 4.0 has an important role in the changeand efficiency of the foreign trade structure of developing countries. Thisterm, which is based on technological development, will help countries tohave a say in the economic conjuncture. It is necessary to develop highvalue-added products in order to have a say in the economy and gaincommercial superiority. In this context, increasing the importance andspending of countries on technological infrastructure will contribute tothe realization of economic development. The term Industry 4.0 has alsoemerged as a result of the economic order. Providing technologicaldevelopment with innovative policies provides cost advantage tocompanies in the production process. Products and services with highquality and functional features provide advantages for both consumersand manufacturers. Taking into consideration the environmental factorsin production and low energy use rates lead to the production of productswith an environmentalist approach. The fourth industrial revolution hasan important place in increasing competition between countries andexiting the race for commercial superiority. At the micro level,technological developments need to be realized for consumers who careabout and follow the changes in the markets, for producer who want tobuy quality products at low prices and those who want to provide costadvantages. In this study where the effects of Industry 4.0 on foreigntrade were analyzed, data between 1990 and 2018 were used. In thisstudy, it has been determined that technology and Industry 4.0 will have positive effects on the development of foreign trade structure. There wasa positive interaction between the variables used in the study.
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    FACTORS AFFECTING GLOBALIZATION: AN APPLICATION ON FRAGILE FIVE COUNTRIES
    (2019) Pehlivan, Ceren; Efeoğlu, Rabia; Han, Ayşegül
    Globalization is a term that includes many aspects of political,economic, cultural and social. It is used to express change under differentheadings and interactions. This change, which has to be kept up by thecountries in the new world order, causes the need for globalization toincrease. Technological advances help the integration of innovative ideasand new production techniques between countries. As a result, newglobal economic and social structures are emerging around the world.Globalization causes connections between societies and labor, capitaland market structures to reach an international dimension. The valuejudgments and characteristics of societies can adapt to each other withglobalization and contribute to the development of social interactionbetween countries. In this study, the effects of carbon dioxide emission,foreign trade, energy, inflation, political stability and local credits onglobalization were tested by panel data analysis for fragile five countriesin the period 2000-2017. The financial, environmental, political andeconomic aspects of globalization are discussed within the scope of theanalysis. The causal tests between negative and positive shocks andhidden cohesion test were performed. According to the results, there is alon-term relationship between globalization and Co2, inflation, foreigntrade, local credits, political stability and energy shocks both in positiveand negative shocks in fragile five countries. In addition, as a result ofcausality among negative shocks, there are two-way causality betweenglobalization and Co2 variables, and between globalization and foreigntrade variables, these is one-way causality from inflation to globalization, from globalization to local credits, political stability and energy; As aresult of the causality between positive shocks, two-way causality findingwas obtained between globalization and local credit variables, there isone-way causality from Co2, inflation and energy variables toglobalization and from globalization to political stability.