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Öğe Determination of the trace minerals requirements for maintenance and growth of 35-50 kg Dorper x Hu crossbred ram lambs(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Ying; Peng, Along; Nie, Haitao; Wang, Feng; Elsabagh, Mabrouk; Loor, Juan J.This study aimed at estimating the trace minerals net requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper x Hu ram lambs using the comparative slaughter techniques in 35 lambs of 35-50 kg body weight (BW). Seven lambs were slaughtered at the initial BW (34.93 +/- 0.37 kg) to determine the basal whole-body composition. Another seven lambs were fed ad libitum (AL) and then slaughtered when it reached 41.73 +/- 0.53 kg BW. The remained 21 lambs were assigned into three treatment groups, seven animals each, and fed 100, 70 or 40% of AL intake, respectively, and were slaughtered when they reached a BW of 49.93 +/- 1.03 kg. The net requirements of maintenance were 5.1, 429.3, 94.0 and 48.8 mu g/kg empty BW (EBW) for Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu, respectively. The net requirements of growth at 35 kg BW were 0.86, 70.41, 33.46 and 4.31 mg/kg EBW for Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu, respectively. At a BW of 50 kg, the net growth requirements were 0.93, 68.40, 35.20 and 4.15 mg/kg EBW for Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu, respectively. Our data indicated that the Mn and Zn requirements increase, whereas those of Fe and Cu decrease when BW increases. In addition, the net Cu, Mn and Fe requirements for maintenance and Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe requirements for growth of Dorper x Hu hybrid ram lambs were higher than those reported in the NRC but Zn requirements for maintenance matched that of the NRC.Öğe L-Arginine Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in Ovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Regulating Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Function, and Autophagy(Oxford Univ Press, 2021) Zhang, Hao; Liu, Xiaoyun; Fan, Yaotian; Yu, Yin; Loor, Juan J.; Elsabagh, Mabrouk; Peng, AlongBackground: Previous studies demonstrated that dietary L-arginine (Arg) alters the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and biological defenses to resist oxidant-induced toxicity. Whether supplying Arg can protect ovine intestinal epithelial cells (OIECs) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage is unclear. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the effect of Arg on mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis induced by H2O2 in OIECs. Methods: The OIECs were incubated in Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 100 AM Arg (CON) or 350 AM Arg (ARG) alone or with 150 mu M H2O2 (CON + H2O2, ARG + H2O2) for 24 h. Cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial function, autophagy, and the related categories of genes and proteins were determined. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using the general linear model procedures of SAS (SAS Institute) for a 2 x 2 factorial design. Results: Relative to the CON and ARG groups, H2O2 administration resulted in 44.9% and 26.5% lower (P < 0.05) cell viability but 34.7% and 61.8% greater (P < 0.05) ROS concentration in OIECs, respectively. Compared with the CON and CON + H2O2 groups, Arg supplementation led to 40.7% and 28.8% lower (P < 0.05) ROS concentration but 14.9%-49.0% and 29.3%-64.1% greater (P < 0.05) mitochondrial membrane potential, relative mitochondrial DNA content, and complex (I-IV) activity in OIECs, respectively. Compared with the CON and CON + H2O2 groups, Arg supplementation led to 33.9%-53.1% and 22.4%-49.1 % lower (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of proapoptotic genes, respectively. Relative to the CON and CON + H2O2 groups, Arg supplementation resulted in 33.0%-59.2% and 14.6%-37.7% lower (P< 0.05) abundance of proapoptotic, mitophagy, and cytoplasmic cytochrome c protein, respectively. Conclusions: Supply of Arg protects OIECs against H2O2-induced damage partly by improving mitochondrial function and alleviating cellular apoptosis and autophagy.Öğe L-Arginine Inhibits Apoptosis of Ovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells through the L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway(Oxford Univ Press, 2020) Zhang, Hao; Zhao, Fangfang; Peng, Along; Guo, Shuang; Wang, Mengzhi; Elsabagh, Mabrouk; Loor, Juan J.Background: In nonruminants, many of the biological roles of L-arginine (Arg) at the intestinal level are mediated through the Arg-nitric oxide (Arg-NO) pathway. Whether the Arg-NO pathway is involved in controlling the immune response and viability in ovine intestinal epithelial cells (IOECs) is unclear. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the role of the Arg-NO pathway in apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function of IOECs. Methods: The IOECs were incubated in Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 150 mu M Arg (CON) or 300 mu M Arg (ARG) alone or with 350 mu M Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (CON + NAME, ARG + NAME) for 24 h. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, antioxidant capacity, and cell apoptotic percentage were determined. Results: Arg supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the ROS concentration (38.9% and 22.7%) and apoptotic cell percentage (57.2% and 54.8%) relative to the CON and CON + NAME groups, respectively. Relative to the CON and ARG treatments, the L-NAME administration decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of superoxide dismutase 2 (32% and 21.3%, respectively) and epithelial NO synthase (36% and 29.1%, respectively). Arg supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of apoptosis antigen 1 (FAS) (52.0% and 43.9%) but increased (P < 0.05) those of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (31.3% and 22.9%) and inducible NO synthase (35.2% and 41.8%) relative to the CON and CON + NAME groups, respectively. Conclusions: The inhibition of apoptosis in IOECs due to the increased supply of Arg is associated with the mitochondria- and FAS-dependent pathways through the activity of the Arg-NO pathway. The findings help elucidate the role of the Arg-NO pathway in IOEC growth and apoptosis.Öğe L-Arginine inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response by regulating antioxidant capacity in ovine intestinal epithelial cells(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Ying; Liu, Xiaoyun; Elsabagh, Mabrouk; Yu, Yin; Peng, Along; Dai, SifaLittle is known how L-arginine (Arg) affects the ovine intestinal epithelial cells (IOECs) redox status induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)(.) This study aimed to examine the impact of Arg on IOECs subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative damage, intestinal barrier injury, and inflammatory response. The IOECs were incubated for 16 h then classified as four groups (n = 6/group) and cultured in corresponding media including (1) control (CON) group, in which IOECs were cultured in Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's F12 Ham medium (DMEM) containing 100 mu M Arg; (2) Arg group, in which IOECs were cultured in Arg-free DMEM containing 350 mu M Arg; (3) H2O2 group, in which IOECs were cultured in CON group plus 150 mu M H2O2; (4) Arg + H2O2 group, in which IOECs were cultured in Arg group plus150 mu M H2O2. After culturing for 24 h in media, some characteristics of cells in the four groups were measured. Arg administration decreased the H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared with the H2O2 group (p < .05). Compared with H2O2, adding Arg to H2O2 increased (p < .05) transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), but decreased (p < .05) tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) within the IOECs. Compared with H2O2, adding Arg to H(2)O(2-)induced injured IOECs increased (p < .05) glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and epithelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) protein levels, and decreased (p < .05) TNF-alpha levels within cells. Arg inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative damage, intestinal barrier injury, and inflammatory response by NO pathway within IOECs.
