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    Update on phytoplasma diseases associated with starchy root and tuber crops in Asia
    (Elsevier, 2023) Reddy, Madem Gurivi; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Hoat, Trinh Xuan; Rao, Govind Pratap
    Starchy roots and tuber crops play a pivotal role in the human diet and offer numerous desirable nutritional and health benefits. Many starchy tuber crops, except the common potatoes, sweet potatoes, and cassava, are not yet fully explored for their nutritional and health benefits. Tubers have an immense potential as functional food and nutraceutical ingredients to be explored in disease risk reduction and wellness. A variety of foods can be prepared using tubers and root crops and they may also be used in industrial applications. Several diseases have been reported of viral, bacterial, and fungal origin on these crops. But the literature on phytoplasma diseases is very meager. Since the tuber and starchy root are very important crops in all Asian countries, an updated information on phytoplasmas diseases associated with tuber them in Asian countries was reported. Among the phytoplasma diseases, potato leaf yellows, potato purple top, cassava witches' broom, sweet potato little leaf, elephant foot yam leaf yellows, and declining and yams decline are the prominent phytoplasma diseases reported in the Asian countries. Because of unspecific symptoms, the identification and characterization of the phytoplasmas associated with these tuber and starchy root crops are problematic and challenging. Here the progress made in understanding biology, economic importance, distribution, symptomatology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and control of phytoplasmas infecting tuber and starchy root crops in Asian countries is summarized. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Updates on phytoplasma diseases associated with fruit crops in Asia
    (Elsevier, 2023) Mitra, Surabhi; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Gazel, Mona; Nabi, Sajad un; Zamharir, Maryam Ghayeb; Rao, Govind Pratap
    The horticulture industry has experienced tremendous growth in Asia during the past 50 years and has developed into one of the major economic branches of modern agriculture. Asian countries have diverse types of tropical, temperate, and coastal climates, hence blessed with diversity of fruits unique to worldwide. Asia contains nearly 44% of the total fruit-producing area in the world and contributes about 42% to the total world fruit production, with the largest and the second largest fruit producers located in this continent. In fruit crops, phytoplasma diseases are important but fewer studies have been done on this group of pathogens particularly in Asian countries. Thus far, 13 groups of phytoplasmas (16SrI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIV, and XXXII) and 29 subgroups have been reported on 26 major tropical, subtropical, and temperate fruit species in Asia. The major phytoplasma diseases which cause serious economic losses to fruit production in Asia are pome and stone fruits, grapes, jujube, papaya, and citrus crops. The rapid emergence and spread of phytoplasmas are due to the enhancement of the international trade of planting materials and their final products. Losses to the quality and quantity of different fruits due to phytoplasma infection have now been widely reported from all over Asia. This chapter provides the most recent information on phytoplasma diseases and their occurrence, symptomatology, diversity, epidemiology, and management in economically important fruit crops in Asian countries. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.