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Öğe Adaptability of deep learning: datasets and strategies in fruit classification(EDP Sciences, 2024) Gulzar, Yonis; Ünal, Zeynep; Ayoub, Shahnawaz; Reegu, Faheem Ahmad; Altulihan, AlhanoufThis review aims to uncover the multifaceted landscape of methodologies employed by researchers for accurate fruit classification. The exploration encompasses an array of techniques and models, each tailored to address the nuanced challenges presented by fruit classification tasks. From convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and transfer learning to ensemble methods, the spectrum of approaches underscores the innovative strategies harnessed to achieve precision in fruit categorization. A significant facet of this review lies in the analysis of the various datasets utilized by researchers for fruit classification. Different datasets present unique challenges and opportunities, thereby shaping the design and effectiveness of the models. From widely recognized datasets like Fruits-360 to specialized collections, the review navigates through a plethora of data sources, elucidating how these datasets contribute to the diversity of research endeavors. This insight not only highlights the variety in fruit types and attributes but also emphasizes the adaptability of deep learning techniques to accommodate these variations. By amalgamating findings from diverse articles, this study offers an enriched understanding of the evolving trends and advancements within the domain of fruit classification using deep learning. The synthesis of methodologies and dataset variations serves to inform future research pursuits, aiding in the refinement of accurate and robust fruit classification methods. As the field progresses, this review stands as a valuable compass, guiding researchers toward impactful contributions that enhance the accuracy and applicability of fruit classification models. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.Öğe Exploring Transfer Learning for Enhanced Seed Classification: Pre-trained Xception Model(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2024) Gulzar, Yonis; Unal, Zeynep; Ayoub, Shahnawaz; Reegu, Faheem AhmadSeed classification plays a crucial role in various agricultural and industrial applications, such as crop breeding, seed quality assessment, and plant disease identification. This study presents a novel deep-learning model for seed classification. In this study, a dataset of 15 seeds has been created, containing around 3018 RGB images, with the objective of developing an accurate and efficient deep learning-based model capable of classifying seeds with high precision. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of two distinct approaches for seed classification: training the Xception model from scratch and leveraging transfer learning with the Pre-trained Xception model. The experimental results offer a comprehensive comparative analysis of training, validation, and testing outcomes. Notably, the Pre-trained Xception model showcases superior performance across various metrics. It achieves remarkable accuracy, attaining a perfect 1.0000 on both validation and test sets. Additionally, this model demonstrates significantly lower loss values throughout the training phases, highlighting its enhanced predictive capabilities. Impressively, convergence is reached with fewer epochs and in shorter training duration, further underlining the efficiency and effectiveness of the Pre-trained Xception model.