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    Impact of seed-applied pesticides on rhizobial survival and legume nodulation
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2020) Rathjen, J. R.; Ryder, M. H.; Riley, I. T.; Lai, T. V.; Denton, M. D.
    Aims Compatibility of seed-applied pesticides and rhizobial inoculants is an important consideration for farmers when sowing legumes. Some of the seed-applied pesticides may influence rhizobial growth and nodulation, but there is currently little available information on the potential inhibitory effects. Therefore, common seed fungicidal and insecticidal treatments were assessed to determine adverse impacts on rhizobial inoculants both in vitro, on treated seed, and in the field. Methods and Results Initially, the in vitro toxicity of the seed-applied fungicides Thiram 600, P-Pickel T (PPT), their active ingredients (thiram and thiabendazole) and the insecticide Gaucho to rhizobia was measured with filter discs containing varying concentrations of the pesticides. Pea and chickpea seed was then coated with the same pesticides and inoculated with rhizobia in different inoculant substrates to determine bacterial survival and nodulation. Finally, a field trial using the fungicide PPT and commercial inoculants was conducted. Some seed fungicide treatments were found to be inhibitory to rhizobia and reduce nodulation under monoxenic conditions and in the field. Significance and Impact of the Study These data provide more detailed information on the compatibility of specific rhizobial inoculants with common seed-applied pesticides. This research will provide information on the compatibility of rhizobia and seed-applied pesticides, and assist farmers to select sowing practices which reduce the risk of crop nodulation failures.
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    NEEM SEED OILCONTAINING METHYLCELLULOSE AS NEW POSTHARVEST ORGANIC EDIBLE COATING FOR TABLE GRAPES DURING COLD STORAGE
    (Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2023) Olorunsogbon, S. T.; Ozden, M.; Riley, I. T.
    Table grapes have a high-water content and are non-climacteric. They are prone to degradation and infections. This study reveals the effect of neem seed oil combined with methylcellulose (NSOMC) at (control, 0.5%NSOMC, 2%NSOMC, 8%NSOMC, 32%NSOMC and 1% of methylcellulose (MC) prolonging the postharvest quality of Sultana table grapes during 60 days of storage at 0.5 & DEG;C. The different concentrations of the NSOMC were found effective compared to the control and 1%MC. NSOMC coated fruits, especially at 32% showed less decay incident (3.1%), weight loss (0.32%) and colour changes (8.49) compared to the other coated fruits and the control. 32%NSOMC coated fruits retained their total soluble content and titratable acidity with the lowest mean pH value (3.43). Phenolic compounds (total phenolic and total flavonoid content) had the highest mean and the antioxidant activity was reduced in 32%NSOMC coated fruits. Therefore, our findings suggested that the neem seed oil combined with methylcellulose is safe and could be used as a commercial treatment to increase the shelf life of table grapes. The higher the concentrations of the neem seed oil, the greater the efficiency of the treatments.
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    TREES IN SEMIARID ZONES - PERCEPTION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND COMMUNITY VALUES IN NIĞDE PROVINCE, CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TÜRKIYE
    (Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2024) Olowu, E. A.; Riley, I. T.; Avci, M.
    Central Anatolia typifies the semiarid agroecological conditions of Turkiye given its low annual precipitation and winter temperatures. Wheat, barley, chickpea, lentil, vetch, apples and potatoes are largely grown in this zone but native perennials, including oaks, Turkish fir and poplar, are on the decline thereby limiting their contribution to ecosystem services. The disconnect between the value of trees and ecosystem services in Central Anatolia has not been studied previously. This study focused on the knowledge, importance, intercropping, ecosystem services, community values and planting of trees in Nigde, a representative province in Central Anatolia, Turkiye. A quantitative survey of 301 participants was conducted to understand their perception of selected trees grouped as nitrogen fixing and nonnitrogen fixing. Indicators were tested for association (chi 2) and responses were disaggregated into two participant groups, farmers and non-farmers. Generally, participants showed a widespread knowledge about the trees. The top five trees of perceived importance were fruit, poplar, hawthorn, black pine and oak which were mainly valued for environmental protection, health and income. High value tree agroforestry was a preference while perception of tree-based ecosystem services focused on cultural and provisioning services. Although there was considerable support for the concept of planting more trees, tree survival remains low and increased social engagement in further perennial studies is needed.