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Thermal Annealing Effect on the Surface Morphology and Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells
(Gazi Univ, 2023) Tiras, Kevser Sahin; Rupasinghe, Thilini P.; Wohlgenannt, Markus; Tivanski, Alexei V.
Photovoltaics convert solar radiation into electrical current. For the present study, blends containing electron donor and acceptor are used instead of materials made with silicon. Carbon-based organic semiconductors are easy to process and have low fabrication costs. There are several fabrication steps playing important role in the photovoltaic device performance such as, substrate preparation, polymer-acceptor ratios in the blend, thermal annealing of the active layer and top electrode deposition. It has been shown that nanoscale morphology of the blend can be altered via thermal annealing treatment. As a result, efficiency is affected by surface roughness. The blend of P3HT: PCBM as donor: acceptor was used to fabricate thin films and photovoltaic cells. The power conversion efficiencies and surface morphologies of the devices annealed at various times were measured. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed that the surface roughness of the active layer is mainly affected by the annealing time, and the film with the roughest surface results in the most efficient solar cell.