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    Cancer metabolism regulation by phytonutrients
    (Elsevier, 2022) Riaz, Ammara; Zara, Rabia; Bushra, Gul; Kanwal, Nazia; Sadiqa, Ayesha; Shareef, Farzana; Sarfraz, Iqra
    In spite of the advanced researches, preventive measures, and treatment options, cancer remains a growing ailment all over the world and its prevalence is estimated to increase in future. Cellular metabolic alterations have been documented as a hallmark of cancer. Metabolic regulation is an intricately coupled process whose deregulation leads to tumor progression as well as metastasis. In order to thrive in the living system, cancer cells adapt different metabolic pathways (bioenergetics and biosynthesis). They replenish their metabolic demands by switching from normal metabolism to cancer metabolism by the process of metabolic rewiring. Recent researches suggest that starving cancer cells by the use of nontoxic chemical entities can give promising results regarding cancer proliferation. Natural products, especially those of plant origin, offer different chemical scaffolds to target cancer via modulation of multiple cell signaling cascades. Phytonutrients, the secondary metabolites from the plants, constitute edible phytochemicals which are abundantly found in vegetables, whole grains, and fruits. The growing numbers of evidences suggest that phytonutrients exhibit anticancer as well as chemopreventive activities of these bioactive molecules against several cancers by targeting the various significant enzymes of glycolysis, the PPP pathway, TCA cycle, and serine metabolism. This book chapter presents an update for the scientific community about targeting the cancer metabolism by phytonutrients. The alterations in the cancer metabolism in the context of bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and mitochondrial functions have been discussed while presenting the impact of phytonutrients as modulators of potential metabolic effectors in the cancer metabolism. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Curcumol: From Plant Roots to Cancer Roots
    (Ivyspring Int Publ, 2019) Wei, Wei; Rasul, Azhar; Sadiqa, Ayesha; Sarfraz, Iqra; Hussain, Ghulam; Nageen, Bushra; Liu, Xintong
    Natural products, an infinite treasure of bioactive scaffolds, have provided an excellent reservoir for the discovery of drugs since millennium. These naturally occurring, biologically active and therapeutically effective chemical entities have emerged as novel paradigm for the prevention of various diseases. This review aims to give an update on the sources as well as pharmacological profile of curcumol, a pharmacologically active sesquiterpenoid, which is an imperative bioactive constituent of several plants mainly from genus Curcuma. Curcumol has potential to fight against cancer, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, microbial infections, and inflammation. Curcumol has been documented as potent inducer of apoptosis in numerous cancer cells via targeting key signaling pathways as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-kappa B which are generally deregulated in several cancers. The reported data reveals multitarget activity of curcumol in cancer treatment suggesting its importance as anticancer drug in future. It is speculated that curcumol may provide an excellent opportunity for the cure of cancer but further investigations on mechanism of its action and preclinical trials are still mandatory to further validate the potential of this natural cancer killer in anticancer therapies.
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    Nutrition and nutraceuticals for brain cancer
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Sadiqa, Ayesha; Rasul, Azhar; Hussain, Ghulam; Shah, Muhammad Ajmal; Sarfraz, Iqra; Riaz, Ammara; Sarfraz, Ayesha
    Brain cancers are highly lethal and fatal human cancers due to various hurdles imposed by the brain's physiology and anatomy on therapeutic implications. Higher relapse rates and poor prognosis in brain cancers complicate the situation, leading to high mortalities. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to develop efficient therapeutic strategies against brain cancers. The exploitation of nutraceuticals is an emerging approach for the cure of cancers due to their safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. This chapter focuses on the significance and mechanism of anti-brain cancer nutraceuticals such as juglone, formononetin, eugenol, curcumin, and biochanin. The anti-brain cancer activity of nutraceuticals is governed by the modulation of various cell signaling molecules such as apoptosis-related factors (caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, Bid, Reactive oxygen species), cell cycle regulators (Cyclin D1, p53), protein kinases (FAK, p-ERK, p38 MAPK), enzymes (MMP-2, MMP-9), transcriptional factors (c-myc, Wnt, ?-catenin), and cytokines (TGF-?). The reported data recommend multitarget activity of nutraceuticals which might play an essential role in developing nutraceuticals to novel pharmacological drugs shortly. © 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.