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    A soluble conducting polymer: 1-phenyl-2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole and its electrochromic application
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2006) Tarkuc, S.; Sahmetlioglu, E.; Tanyeli, C.; Akhmedov, I. M.; Toppare, L.
    A thiophene-functionalized monomer 1-phenyl-2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole (PTP) was synthesized. The chemical polymerization of PTP (CPTP) was realized by using FeCl3 as the oxidant. The structures of both the monomer and the soluble polymer (CPTP) were investigated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-1 and C-13 NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The average molecular weight of the chemically synthesized polymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) as Mn = 7.2 x 10(3). The electrochemical oxidative polymerization of PTP was carried out via constant-potential electrolysis. Characterizations of the resulting polymer were done by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis Spectroscopy. The conductivity of sample was measured by four-probe technique. Moreover, the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties of the polymer film were investigated. Spectroelectrochemical analysis of P(PTP) revealed electronic transitions at 413, 577 and 884 mn corresponding to pi-pi* transition, polaron, and bipolaron band formations, respectively. Kinetic studies evaluated the switching ability of the P(PTP); the percent transmittance T% was found as 27%. The homopolymer of PTP was used to construct dual-type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) against poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Spectroelectrochemistry, electrochromic switching and open circuit stability of the devices were investigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Electrochromic properties of a soluble conducting polymer of 1-benzyl-2,5-di(thiophene-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2007) Tarkuc, S.; Sahmetlioglu, E.; Tanyeh, C.; Akhmedov, I. M.; Toppare, L.
    In this study, synthesis of a thiophene functionalized monomer, 1-benzyl-2,5-di(thiophene-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole (SNBS) was achieved. A new polythiophene derivative was synthesized by both chemical and electrochemical polymerization. The polymer synthesized via chemical oxidative method was soluble in organic solvents and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 and C-13 NMR) spectroscopy. The average molecular weight of the chemically synthesized polymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) as Mn = 8.0 x 10(3) The electrochemical oxidative polymerization of SNBS was performed via potentiodynamic method using NaClO4/LiClO4 as the supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile (AN). Characterizations of the resulting polymer were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity of P(SNBS) was measured by the four-probe technique. Spectroelectrochemical analysis presents that the polymer has an electronic bandgap, of 1.9 eV, with a light gray color in the fully reduced form and a dark gray color in the fully oxidized form. The switching ability of P(SNBS) was monitored and the percent transmittance (%T) was found as 12%. Dual-type complementary colored electrochromic device (ECD) using P(SNBS)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in sandwich configuration were constructed. Spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability and optical memory of the electrochromic devices were investigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.