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    Effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and pollen on renal injury in hypertensive rat: An experimental and theoretical approach
    (Wiley, 2017) Salmas, Ramin Ekhteiari; Gulhan, Mehmet Fuat; Durdagi, Serdar; Sahna, Engin; Abdullah, Huda I.; Selamoglu, Zeliha
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE; active compound in propolis), and pollen on biochemical oxidative stress biomarkers in rat kidney tissue inhibited by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The biomarkers evaluated were paraoxonase (PON1), oxidative stress index (OSI), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B). TAS levels and PON1 activity were significantly decreased in kidney tissue samples in the L-NAME-treated group (P<0.05). The levels of TAS and PONI were higher in the L-NAME plus propolis, CAPE, and pollen groups compared with the L-NAME-treated group. TOS, ADMA, and NF-B levels were significantly increased in the kidney tissue samples of the L-NAME-treated group (P<0.05). However, these parameters were significantly lower in the L-NAME plus propolis, CAPE, and pollen groups (P<0.05) compared with rats administered L-NAME alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, the binding energy of CAPE within catalytic domain of glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme as well as its inhibitory mechanism was determined using molecular modeling approaches. In conclusion, experimental and theoretical data suggested that oxidative alterations occurring in the kidney tissue of chronic hypertensive rats may be prevented via active compound of propolis, CAPE administration.
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    Role of Propolis on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Blood Pressure in Nitric Oxide Synthase-Inhibited Hypertensive Rats
    (INFORMA HEALTHCARE, 2012) Gogebakan, Ayse; Talas, Zeliha Selamoglu; Ozdemir, Ilknur; Sahna, Engin
    Reduction in the synthesis or bioavailability of nitric oxide plays a significant role in the development of hypertension. Propolis is a resinous product collected by honeybees from various plant sources. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of propolis on blood pressure (BP), TH, and total RNA levels in the adrenal medulla, heart, and hypothalamus tissues in chronic nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibited rats by N-w-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rats received NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) for 15 days to produce hypertension and propolis for the last 5 days. TH activity and total RNA levels significantly increased in adrenal medulla, heart, and hypothalamus tissues in L-NAME-treated groups (P < .05). TH activity and total RNA levels of L-NAME+propolis-treated rats reduced (P < .05) compared with L-NAME-treated groups. TH activity in propolis-treated rats was reduced to the control values. L-NAME led to a significant increase in BP compared with the control group. Propolis administration to L-NAME-treated rats reduced BP but this was not statistically significant compared to L-NAME-treated groups. These results suggest that propolis decreases TH activity in NOS-inhibited hypertensive rats and thereby may modulate the synthesis of catecholamine and BP.
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    The Effects of Apitherapeutic Agents on Oxidative Stress in Serum Metabolic Parameters of Hypertensive Rats Created by Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibited
    (Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2021) Gulhan, Mehmet Fuat; Ozdemir, Betul; Selamoglu, Zeliha; Sahna, Engin
    Hypertension is a chronic disease affecting the whole world due to its clinical effects and complications. The reduction in the release and effect of NO is one of the mechanisms of hypertension formation. Hypertension disrupts the balance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to observe biochemical changes in the blood by treatment propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and pollen in hypertensive rats via Nco-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rats were divided in five groups. Rats were given L-NAME (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 14 days to make hypertensive. L-NAME and bee products were administered together with rats for 14 days, then L-NAME for 14 days. All administrated ended 28 days. There was a statistically significant (P<0.05) decrease in blood pressure (BP) in the groups in which bee products were applied. Blood pressure was lower in the pollen treated group than in the CAPE and propolis treated group (P<0.05). Paraoxanase (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) levels were measured in the blood samples in all groups. In the L-NAME group; PON1, TAS, HDL, and total protein levels were found to be lower than the groups applied bee products (P<0.05). TOS, oxidative stress index (OSI), ADMA, NF-kappa B, glucose, cholesterol, LDL, friglyceride, ALT, AST, ALP levels were found to be lower in groups plus of bee products were applied compared to the group that received L-NAME (P<0.05). The results showed that oxidative stress and homeostasis can be regulated with propolis, CAPE and pollen in hypertensive rats induced L-NAME.
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    The investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of apitherapeutic agents on heart tissues in nitric oxide synthase inhibited rats via N?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Ozdemir, Betul; Gulhan, Mehmet Fuat; Sahna, Engin; Selamoglu, Zeliha
    Background High blood pressure effects heart and vessels. Development of pathogenesis is the result of oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and pollen on the hearts of rats which chronic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibited through N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) were analyzed on the heart. Material and Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided five groups of seven rats in every group; Group I: Control, Group II: L-NAME, Group III: L-NAME+propolis, Group IV: L-NAME+CAPE and Group V: L-NAME+pollen. L-NAME become dissolved in regular saline (0.9% NaCl w/v). The ethanolic extract of propolis (200 mg/kg/days, gavage), pollen (100 mg/kg/days, by gavage), CAPE (50 mu M/kg/days, intraperitoneally), and the NOS inhibitor L-NAME (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) had been administered. Results Blood pressure (BP) of rats treated with propolis, CAP,E and pollen statistically significant decreased. Decreasing in BP of the rats of pollen group was more than CAPE and propolis groups (P< .05). PON1 and TAS levels decreased in L-NAME-treated groups (P< .05), but ranges have been better in propolis, CAPE and pollen groups. TOS, ADMA and NF-kappa B levels increased (P< .05) in L-NAME group; however, these parameters were lower (P< .05) in propolis and CAPE groups (P< .05). Conclusions Vasorelaxant properties and free radical scavenging actions of propolis, CAPE, and pollen may reduce the oxidative stress and blood pressure in the rats chronic NOS inhibited through L-NAME.