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    DRIVING CYCLE FOR PASSENGER CARS ON URBAN ROADS IN PRISTINA, KOSOVO
    (Riga Technical Univ-Rtu, 2023) Salihu, Flamur; Demir, Yusuf Kagan
    The driving cycle is a significant input for the micro-scale analysis of vehicle emission. Several cities around the world have developed driving cycles based on their driving behaviours, while Pristina still has a lack of studies on this issue. Thus, the first objective of this study was to represent the proper driver behaviour of passenger cars in Pristina by obtaining a driving cycle from real-time measurements on the road. The driving cycle was developed by extracting the micro-trips from 53 491 s of data using a 3-sequential points algorithm, where 780 micro-trips were detected. Using the K-means method from 780 micro-trips, we selected only 25 to develop the final driving cycle. The second objective was to analyse the effects of different intersections on the final driving cycle parameters. We found that the final driving cycle had significant differences from driving cycle of other cities. Driving habits in Pristina are more aggressive compared to other European cities. Also, we found that the average speed of roundabouts and un-signalized intersections was statistically different from signalized intersections.
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    Effect of road slope on driving cycle parameters of urban roads
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Salihu, Flamur; Demir, Yusuf Kagan; Demir, Hatice Gocmen
    This study focuses on the effect of road slope on driving cycle parameters of urban driving. A driving cycle (DC) is a series of data points that capture a vehicle's speed versus time and is a crucial factor for evaluating vehicular emission. In this study, vehicles were driven on Prishtina's urban roads with different slopes. The driving cycles for each grade class were developed using approximately 40,000 s of real-time speed data. Micro-trips were extracted using a Python-based clustering algorithm. The results indicate that the acceleration and deceleration decreased as the negative slope decreased. Drivers tended to use sharper acceleration and deceleration on uphill and downhill roads, while the lowest values of kinematic parameter values were obtained for roads with grades ranging from -2 to 2; therefore, cities with road slope values beyond this range should consider sloped roads during the development of driving cycle. Furthermore, research on CO, HC and NOx emissions related to slopes shows that for the emissions, they are more sensitive to increase from flat to uphill with respect to increasing in downhill to flat sections.