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    Allozyme Variations in the Genus Meriones (Gerbilinae: Rodentia) from Turkey
    (INST ZOOLOGY, BAS, 2013) Yigit, Nuri; Colak, Ercument; Saygili, Fulya; Yuce, Duygu
    Allozymic variability of 24 loci was compared in the genus Meriones representing 5 species in Turkey. The phylogenetic relationship of these Meriones species was established according to the variations of twelve polymorphic loci (Aid, Ldh, alpha-Gpdh, Ca-1, Ca-2, Gpi, Me, Mpi, G6pdh, Ldh-1, Sod, Ak). According to the patterns of allozyme variation, the percentage of polymorphic loci was found to be 12.5 in Meriones crassus, 16.7 in Meriones persicus, 12.5 in Meriones tristrami, 18.7 in Meriones vinogradovi and 8.3 in Meriones dahli. Interspecific genetic distances were found to be high, ranging from 0.032 to 0.332. Neighbor-joining and UPGMA dendrograms showed that M tristrami and M crassus have a high genetic similarity. The most diverged one was appeared to be M vinogradovi. It was also concluded that the genus Meriones is not monophyletic since M persicus, which belongs to a different subgenus, was placed between the clades of M tristrami, M crassus and M vinogradovi.
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    Comparison of the effects of difenacoum and brodifacoum on the ultrastructure of rat liver cells
    (INST MEDICAL RESEARCH & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, 2016) Gul, Nursel; Yigit, Nuri; Saygili, Fulya; Demirel, Ebru; Genis, Ceren
    We used transmission electron microscopy to examine the cytotoxic effects of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides difenacoum and brodifacoum on rat liver. A single dose of difenacoum or brodifacoum was administered to rats by gastric gavage and liver samples were taken after 24 h, four days or seven days. In the livers of rats treated with difenacoum for 24 h, hepatocytes typically showed increased numbers of lysosomes, as well as enlargement of both the perinuclear space and the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), while sinusoids were irregularly shaped and contained Kupffer cells. Similar irregularities occurred in brodifacoum-treated rats at the same time point, but additionally increased numbers of vacuoles, damaged mitochondrial cristae, and clumping of chromatin were observed in hepatocytes, and hemolysed erythrocytes were noted in the sinusoids. Comparable findings were made in each group of rats after four days. After seven days of difenacoum treatment, hepatocytes suffered loss of cytoplasmic material and mitochondrial shrinkage, while RER cisternae became discontinuous. In contrast, exposure to brodifacoum for seven days caused the formation of numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets, disordered mitochondrial morphology, chromatin clumping and invagination of the nuclear envelope in hepatocytes. Sinusoids in the livers of rodenticide-treated rats contained an accumulation of dense material, lipid droplets, cells with pycnotic nuclei and hemolysed erythrocytes. Overall, our results show that brodifacoum causes more severe effects in liver cells than difenacoum. Thus our microscopic data along with additional biochemical assays point to a severe effect of rodenticide on vertebrates.
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    Contribution to the distribution, morphological peculiarities, and karyology of the Greater Noctule, Nyctalus lasiopterus (Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae), in southwestern Turkey
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2008) Yigit, Nuri; Bulut, Safak; Karatas, Ahmet; Cam, Pinar; Saygili, Fulya
    The Greater Noctule, Nyctalus lasiopterus, was recorded from southwestern Turkey for the third time. The dorsal fur of the Greater Noctule, which also covers the underpart of the wing membrane, along with the forearm and propatagium, is uniformly dark brown. The cranium shows typical characteristics of the noctule bats. In addition to these, the exoccipital is convex and is markedly visible in the planar view of the skull. There is a small depression mid braincase. The dental formula is i: 2, c: 1, pm: 1, m: 3/i: 3, c: 1, pm: 2, m: 3 = 32. The diploid number of chromosomes and the number of chromosomal arms are 2n = 42 and FN = 54, respectively.
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    Morphometric and allozymic differences between Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus (Ayes: Passeriformes) subpopulations in a large wetland and a small pond in central Anatolia, Turkey
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2013) Saygili, Fulya; Yigit, Nuri; Cam, Pinar; Yuce, Duygu
    The Bearded Tit (Panurus biarmicus) is a small passerine bird occurring only in wetland habitats. Three subspecies of the Bearded Tit are known from Turkey. The endemic subspecies Panurus biarmicus kosswigi has only been recorded from Amik Lake in Turkey. This subspecies is now considered extinct; the apparent cause of this extinction was the drought affecting the lake. Other subpopulations might be similarly threatened by habitat loss. Therefore, it is important to investigate the morphometric characteristics and genetic variation of these local subpopulations. In this study, body weights and 12 morphometric characters were measured for Bearded Tit individuals in the Eber Lake and Behicbey reedbed subpopulations. Statistically significant differences were found in extended wing length, maximum wing chord, and weight between the 2 subpopulations. Allozymic variation was also studied in the 2 subpopulations. Genetic variation was assessed using isozyme systems, and 8 of 21 loci (Pgm, Me-I, Me-II, Fum, Est, Mpi, Pgd, and Acon-M) were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was higher at Eber Lake (P-95% = 38.1%) than in the Behicbey reedbed (P-95% = 33.3%). The mean F-ST (0.048) and Nm (5.0) values showed high levels of gene flow between these subpopulations.
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    Passer hispaniolensis subpopulations in Turkey: allozyme variations and brief ecobiological notes
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2013) Saygili, Fulya; Yigit, Nuri
    In this study, Spanish Sparrows were recorded in numerous locations and specimens were collected from Samsun, Corum, and Denizli provinces in Turkey. The breeding subpopulations preferred various nesting sites, including wooded areas and White Stork nests. These sparrows were primarily observed in flocks of variable size and were rarely solitary. The largest flock recorded was found in juniper and pine woods in Denizli. We collected data on 23 allozyme loci to compare the genetic variation among the 3 Spanish Sparrow subpopulations. The low F-ST (0.1363) and high Nm (1.5842) values calculated from these data indicated that gene flow among the 3 subpopulations was high and that these subpopulations did not show substantial genetic isolation. The genetic distance (D) between Corum and Denizli was particularly low (0.001), and these subpopulations showed the highest level of genetic similarity found in the study. Conversely, a high genetic distance (0.028) was found between Denizli and Samsun. The genetic structure of these subpopulations also demonstrated a low level of heterozygosity in the total population.