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Öğe Edible Giblets and Bone Mineral Characteristics of Two Slow-Growing Chicken Genotypes Reared in an Organic System(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2017) Eleroglu, E.; Yildirim, A.; Duman, M.; Sekeroglu, A.This study was conducted to compare edible giblets weight, tibial bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) of two slow-growing broiler genotypes (Hubbard S757; S757 and Hubbard Grey Barred JA; GB-JA) reared with outdoor access, and to determine the relationship between these variables. Day-old chicks (straight-run) of the genotypes S757 (n=120) and GB-JA (n=120) were housed for 98 days. Each genotype was assigned to six pens of 20 birds each. Birds were reared in indoor floor pens and moving shelters with outdoor access (during daylight hours). Absolute body (BW), heart (HW), spleen (SW), liver (LW), gizzard (GW), and abdominal fat pad (AFW) weights of the genotype S757 and male birds were statistically higher than that of the genotype GB-JA and female birds. Genotype statistically affected relative HW, whereas sex affected relative GW. Although BMD values were not influenced by genotype or sex, S757 birds and males presented statistically higher tibial BMC, lean, lean+ BMC, total mass values (g) and area (cm(2)) compared with GB-JA birds and females. BW, HW, SW, LW, GW and AFW were positively correlated with BMC obtained by DXA. In conclusion, the measured traits influenced by genetic strain and sex. The use of the Hubbard S757 genotype in organic production systems with outdoor access is recommend.Öğe Edible Giblets and Bone Mineral Characteristics of Two Slow-Growing Chicken Genotypes Reared in an Organic System (vol 19, pg 1, 2017)(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2017) Eleroglu, H.; Yildirim, A.; Duman, M.; Sekeroglu, A.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Effect of cage tier and age on performance, egg quality and stress parameters of laying hens(SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 2014) Sekeroglu, A.; Duman, M.; Tahtali, Y.; Yildirim, A.; Eleroglu, H.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cage tier and age on performance characteristics of layer hybrids, egg quality and some stress parameters. Ninety laying hens (hybrid ATAK-S) of similar bodyweights were used in the experiment. They were housed in three-tier conventional battery cages (bottom, middle and top) with 600 cm(2)/per bird. The experiment was conducted on hens from the age of 18 weeks to 42 weeks. Layers at the age of 18 weeks were randomly allocated to conventional three-tier battery cages with five replicates of six hens per treatment in a completely randomized design. In the bottom, middle and top tiers, 5% age of yield was observed as 151, 146 and 156 days, respectively; 50% age of yield was 162.4, 158.6 and 161.8 days; 5% yield age bodyweight (BW) as 1597.8, 1460.5 and 1599.2 g; 50% yield age BW as 1708.7, 1666.4 and 1671.7 g, respectively. The effects of cage tiers on week 42 BW, feed conversion ratio (FCR), tonic immobility (TI), egg weight (EW), egg yield (EY), and most external and internal quality traits of the hens' eggs were found to be insignificant. Except for shape index (SI) and albumen pH, internal and external quality traits of eggs were significantly affected by age of the hens. In addition, there were significant effects of age on the FCR, EY, EW and oviposition time. The effects of cage tier on tonic immobility (TI) in week 42 and viability were found to be insignificant, but TI in week 30 was found to be significant. It can be concluded that cage tier did not have significant effects on egg yield, egg quality and indicators of stress parameters studied in the experiment. However, these parameters were affected by the age of the hens at the beginning of the laying period.Öğe Effect of Egg Weights on Hatching Results, Broiler Performance and Some Stress Parameters(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2017) Duman, M.; Sekeroglu, A.The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hatching egg weight of broiler parent stocks on hatching results, chick performance, carcass characteristics, internal organ weights and some blood stress parameters. Eggs were divided into 3 egg weight groups (55.0 to 60.0 g (light), 60.1 to 65.0 g (medium) and 65.1 to 70.0 g (heavy)) for the experiments. After incubation, mixed-gender broiler chicks from the hatcher were placed into 27 grower pens (2x1 m) with 9 replications for 3 weight groups by using randomized block design. Each pen had 25 broiler chicks. Therefore, 225 chicks were used for each group and 675 chicks in total. The experiment was designed with nine replicates. Chi-square test, variance analysis test and Duncan multiple range test were used during statistical analysis. Hatching egg weight significantly affected egg shell thickness (p=0.042), egg weight loss on 18th day of incubation (p<0.001), number of healthy chick (p=0.001) and deformed chicks (p=0.003), hatchability (p=0.003), hatchability yield (p=0.002), hatching weight and 7 day chick body weight (p=0.001), fresh carcass yields (p=0.002), and cooled carcass yields (p<0.001), blood triglyceride level (p=0.031), back toe relative asymmetry (p=0.032) and back toe fluctuating asymmetry (p=0.038). It was concluded in the present study that medium-weight eggs yielded better hatching results and the chicks of medium-weight eggs also yielded better outcomes with regards to other investigated parameters.Öğe Effects of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root extract on egg production performance and egg quality of laying hens(SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 2013) Yildirim, A.; Sekeroglu, A.; Eleroglu, H.; Sen, M. I.; Duman, M.This study was conducted to determine the effect of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root extract (PGRE) on egg production and egg quality characteristics of hens at the beginning of their laying period (20 weeks old). Four groups of commercial hens (Atak-S; Turkish native hybrid) were fed with diets containing 0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg PGRE/kg. Experimental results indicated that dietary PGRE had no effect on feed intake, feed efficiency, egg mass (EM) or egg production parameters. Over 12 weeks, hen-day egg production (HDP) of the groups was 73.5%, 74.8%, 69.2% and 79.0%, respectively. The effect of different levels of PGRE on egg weight, shape index (SI), specific gravity, shell thickness, Haugh Unit (HU), yolk index (YI) and albumen index (AI) was not statistically significant during the entire experiment. Egg yolk colour was conspicuously lower in the 100 mg and 150 mg PGRE/kg groups than in the control. The L*, a* and b*, hue (H) and chroma (C*) values for eggshell colour were not significantly different among the groups, except for the colour difference (Delta E*, (L-2+a(2)+b(2))(1/2)), where values in PGRE groups were higher than in the control group. The trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolics concentration of PGRE were 598 +/- 1.841 mmol trolox/kg, 15.45 +/- 0.457 mmol TEAC/kg and 1.02 +/- 0.03 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg, respectively. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were similar in the PGRE supplemented groups and the control. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation with PGRE did not affect the productivity performance traits and egg quality of hens at the beginning of the laying period.Öğe PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS CAGED IN DIFFERENT TIERS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF EACH TIER(AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS, 2013) Karaman, S.; Sekeroglu, A.; Duman, M.This study was carried out to evaluate the variations in environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity, lighting intensity, and airflow rate), hen body temperatures, surface temperatures of different body parts (neck, shank, and comb), feed consumption, egg yield, and egg quality parameters of hens caged in different tiers and to investigate the interactions between tiers. Indoor average temperature, relative humidity, lighting intensity, and airflow rate values were determined, respectively, as 10.12 degrees C, 57.65%, 17.67 lux, and 0.21 m s(-1) (for tier 1); 11.30 degrees C, 57.21%, 22.36 lux, and 0.21 m s(-1) (for tier 2); and 12.14 degrees C, 55.73%, 25.92 lux, and 0.23 m s(-1) (for tier 3). Body temperatures of hens in tiers 1, 2, and 3 were measured, respectively, as 41.21 degrees C, 41.30 degrees C, and 41.38 degrees C; neck temperatures as 38.29 degrees C, 39.05 degrees C, and 39.80 degrees C; shank temperatures as 35.88 degrees C, 36.31 degrees C, and 36.58 degrees C; and comb temperatures as 34.10 degrees C, 34.49 degrees C, and 35.13 degrees C. Results revealed increasing temperature and lighting intensity and decreased relative humidity from bottom to top tier. Similarly, surface temperatures of body parts also increased from bottom to top. The differences between tiers were found to be significant (p < 0.01) with regard to temperature, relative humidity, lighting intensity, body temperatures, and surface temperatures of body parts. Effects of tiers on egg quality parameters were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). While effects of tiers on egg blood stains were found to be significant (p < 0.05), effects on other egg quality parameters were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). Because of insignificant differences between tiers with regard to performance characteristics and most egg quality parameters, and higher mortality rates in the third tier, the tiers of 1 and 2 were found to be advantageous.Öğe Physical characteristics and performance of laying hens caged in different tiers and environmental parameters of each tier(2013) Karaman, S.; Sekeroglu, A.; Duman, M.This study was carried out to evaluate the variations in environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity, lighting intensity, and airflow rate), hen body temperatures, surface temperatures of different body parts (neck, shank, and comb), feed consumption, egg yield, and egg quality parameters of hens caged in different tiers and to investigate the interactions between tiers. Indoor average temperature, relative humidity, lighting intensity, and airflow rate values were determined, respectively, as 10.12°C, 57.65%, 17.67 lux, and 0.21 m s-1 (for tier 1); 11.30°C, 57.21%, 22.36 lux, and 0.21 m s-1 (for tier 2); and 12.14°C, 55.73%, 25.92 lux, and 0.23 m s-1 (for tier 3). Body temperatures of hens in tiers 1, 2, and 3 were measured, respectively, as 41.21°C, 41.30°C, and 41.38°C; neck temperatures as 38.29°C, 39.05°C, and 39.80°C; shank temperatures as 35.88°C, 36.31°C, and 36.58°C; and comb temperatures as 34.10°C, 34.49°C, and 35.13°C. Results revealed increasing temperature and lighting intensity and decreased relative humidity from bottom to top tier. Similarly, surface temperatures of body parts also increased from bottom to top. The differences between tiers were found to be significant (p < 0.01) with regard to temperature, relative humidity, lighting intensity, body temperatures, and surface temperatures of body parts. Effects of tiers on egg quality parameters were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). While effects of tiers on egg blood stains were found to be significant (p < 0.05), effects on other egg quality parameters were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). Because of insignificant differences between tiers with regard to performance characteristics and most egg quality parameters, and higher mortality rates in the third tier, the tiers of 1 and 2 were found to be advantageous. © 2013 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ISSN 2151-0032.Öğe Relation between egg shape index and egg quality characteristics(EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO, 2016) Duman, M.; Sekeroglu, A.; Yildirim, A.; Eleroglu, H.; Camci, O.The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the egg shape index on egg quality characteristics. The eggs used in this study were laid by layers of the ATAK-S strain. The eggs were classified with respect to shape index (SI), namely sharp eggs (SI < 72), normal (standard) eggs (SI = 72-76) and round eggs (SI > 76). A total of 166 eggs were analysed to determine egg quality characteristics. Effects of egg shape on L*, a*, b*, specific gravity, albumen index and Haugh unit were statistically significant. However, the effects of egg shape index on egg weight,.E value, breaking strength, shell thickness, shell weight, surface area, yolk index, yolk colour, albumen pH and albumen and yolk blood spots were not significant. Statistically significant correlations between egg shape index and egg weight, L*, b*, specific gravity, egg surface area, albumen index and Haugh unit were determined. But, shape index did not correlate with a*, Delta E value, breaking strength, shell thickness, shell weight, yolk index, yolk colour and albumen pH. In conclusion, it is clear that the shape index has an effect on some egg quality characteristics. Therefore, shape index should be considered for use in future breeding programs.Öğe The Impact of Laying Hen Age, Egg-Laying Time, Cage Tier, and Cage Direction on Egg Quality Traits in Hens in an Enriched Cage System(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2024) Sekeroglu, A.; Senturk, Y. E.; Tainika, B.; Duman, M.; Akyol, A.This study determined the effect of layer age, egg-laying time, cage tier, and cage direction (outward-inward) on egg quality parameters of commercial layer chickens reared in enriched cages. A total of 944 layers (approximately 100 eggs every four weeks, from the 26 to the 58th week) obtained from Lohmann LSL-Classic layers reared at the Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Ayhan & Scedil;ahenk Agricultural Application and Research Centre were analyzed. Laying hen age significantly affected all the egg quality variables (p<0.01). Egg weight, shell-breaking strength, egg surface area, Haugh unit, and yolk color score differed across egg-laying time (p<0.05; p<0.01). There was variability in all the external egg quality traits among the cage tiers (p<0.05), but not for internal egg quality (p>0.05). Furthermore, it was found that cage direction had a significant effect on egg weight, shell thickness, egg surface area, and all the internal egg quality traits, except for yolk color score (p<0.05; p<0.01). In conclusion, our results highlight significant changes in egg quality traits due to layer age, egg-laying time, cage tier, and cage direction.
