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Öğe Antifungal Activity of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Several Soilborne Fungal Pathogens Isolated from Strawberry Plants(2018) Canpolat, Elif; Doğaner, Müzeyyen Müge; Derviş, Sibel; Serçe, Çiğdem UlubaşDeveloping as an alternative plant disease control method by using beneficialmicroorganisms and their metabolites has gained so much importance in recent years. Inthis study, the possibilities of using microorganisms which have potential antimicrobialeffects on controlling soil-borne fungi at strawberry production were investigated. Effectsof different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the development of several soil-bornefungi were studied in vitro and in vivo. LAB were screened for antifungal activity byusing cell free supernatant against Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Macrophomina sp.,Botrytis sp., Phtopythium sp., Cylindrocarpon sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. Cell freesupernatant of LAB isolates showed promising antifungal activity. In vitro effectivestrains of LAB were tested in pot experiments to search their effects on diseasedevelopment and plant growth. While the antifungal effects of all LAB strains tested invitro experiments exhibited promising results, in vivo experiments revealed similareffects on different fungi genera.Öğe Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’in different pear tissues and sampling time by PCR-RFLP analyses(2020) Gazel, Mona; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Öztürk, Harun; Çağlayan, KadriyeAims: In this study, the best sampling time and tissues for phytoplasmadetection in twenty pear trees (cv. Deveci) infected by ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma pyri’, causal agent of pear decline disease, in Bursa provinceof Turkey were investigated.Methods and Results: Sampling was done throughout the year in leafmidribs, shoot and root tissues, where as the flower tissues were testedonce a year in March and fruit tissues in September. All samples wereanalyzed by nested-PCR using P1/P7 and fU5/rU3 universal primer pairs.Nested PCR products were digested with RsaI and SspI restriction enzymes.The results revealed that the detection rate of ‘Ca. P. pyri’ in different planttissues was greatly depending on the sample collection period. The fruittissues, which were only sampled in September due to the ripening timeof Deveci pear cultivar in Bursa, showed the highest detection rate of ‘Ca.P. pyri’ (100%) followed by flower tissues (75%). The average detectionrate in root, shoot tissues and leaf midribs was found as 43.75, 39.58 and16.25%, respectively. The present results showed that the best planttissues for detecting ‘Ca. P. pyri’ in pear trees were fruit columella andflowers. The highest detection rate of this phytoplasma in root tissues wasfound from November to March, whereas it could be detected whole yeararound except summer months in shoot samples in Turkey.Conclusions: For 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', detection, if there is noseasonal limitation for testing, the most suitable tissues are fruits andflowers. When it comes to testing throughout the year, the most suitabletissues were determined as the root, the phloem and cambium layer of theshoots and the leaves, respectively.Significance and Impact of the Study: This study on seasonal variations of‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ in different pear tissues has been first timeinvestigated in Turkey. This preliminary data provides importantknowledge on molecular detection of Ca. P. pyri, causal agent of peardecline disease for further studies and sertification-quarantineprogrammes of pear trees in Turkey.Öğe First Report of Canker and Dieback Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea on Apple in Turkey.(American Phytopathological Society, 2016) Türkölmez, S.; Derviş, S.; Çiftci, O.; Serçe, Çiğdem UlubaşApple is one of the most commercially profitable fruit crops in Turkey, and is grown on 150,847 ha with 2,889,000 tons of fruit produced annually. In June 2015, we observed trees with sunken and reddish-brown limb cankers. Blighted shoots had circular spots or blisters around lenticels with lesions extending along the entire branch, often leading to bark cracking. More than 20% of the 8-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) in a 15-ha orchard (37°59?29? N; 38°02?11? E) near Malatya planted with ‘Golden Delicious’ were affected. Samples from the inner cambium from cankered branches were collected from declining trees, surface sterilized in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 22°C...Öğe First Report of Phytophthora chlamydospora Causing Root and Crown Rot on Almond (Prunus dulcis) Trees in Turkey(American Phytopathological Society, 2016) Türkölmez, S.; Derviş, S.; Çifçi, O.; Serçe, Çiğdem UlubaşIn June 2015, ?10% of 10,000 8-year-old almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb. cv. Ferragnes] trees grafted on the GF677 rootstock in a commercial almond orchard in Besni of Adıyaman Province, showed wilting and lack of vigor, with severely infected trees dying from root and crown rot. The incidence of infected trees on soils with poor water drainage was greater than that on well-drained soils. Crowns of symptomatic plants had a reddish brown discoloration in the inner bark with a sharp contrast between infected and healthy tissue. Most fine roots were completely rotted and the inner bark of infected larger roots showed similar discoloration. Tissue samples taken from the margins of crown and root lesions were placed on carrot agar (CA) amended with 5 mg of pimaricin, 250 mg of ampicillin, 10 mg of rifampicin, 100 mg of pentachloronitrobenzene, and 50 mg of hymexazol (P5ARPH) per liter. Plates were incubated for 5 days at 28°C in the dark and Phytophthora chlamydospora was consistently isolated from the tissues. Isolates produced petaloid colonies and abundant spherical, thin-walled, intercalary but lateral and terminal chlamydospores (30 to 46 ?m diameter, 38.5 ?m average). Colonized agar discs were submerged in sterilized deionized water at 25°C. After incubation on submerged discs for 24 h, all isolates produced hyaline, nonpapillate, noncaducous sporangia of ovoid to obpyriform shape, with internal and external proliferation, 34.0 to 56.5 ?m long, 26.5 to 39.5 ?m wide, with a length/breadth ratio of 1.4 to 1.7, formed on simple, unbranched, occasionally sympodial sporangiophores. Globose to subglobose hyphal swellings in branched chains also formed in water. The optimum and maximum temperatures for mycelium growth on CA were 27 and 37°C, respectively. All these characteristics were similar to those described for P. chlamydospora Brasier and Hansen sp. nov. (Hansen et al. 2015), previously known as P. taxon Pgchlamydo. Genomic DNA was extracted from two representative isolates. The ITS region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced (GenBank KU647271 and KU647272). BLAST searches showed 99 to 100% identity to P. chlamydospora isolates, including the type isolate P236 (99% identity) (AF541900) (Hansen et al. 2015), deposited in GenBank and Phytophthora-ID databases, which confirmed morphological identification. Primary roots of ten 1-year-old P. dulcis cv. Ferragnes seedlings were wounded with a scalpel, and mycelial disks (3 per plant) of P. chlamydospora grown on CA were placed under the cortical tissue, after removing 10 to 15 cm of soil around the root base. The inoculated and exposed roots were then covered with soil. P. chlamydospora caused severe wilt and browning of leaves within 1 and 2 months and extensive root necrosis and rot after 2 months of incubation in a greenhouse. During this period, soil was kept wet by watering plants daily as required. Koch’s postulates were satisfied after reisolating P. chlamydospora from symptomatic roots of inoculated plants. No disease occurred in 10 controls, similarly inoculated with sterile CA disks, and the pathogen was not recovered from these plants. P. chlamydospora has only rarely been recovered from several ornamental and woody species (Blomquist et al. 2012; Brasier et al. 2003; Ginetti et al. 2014), but not from fruit trees so far. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. chlamydospora infection of almond, which represents a new host for this pathogen. This is also the first record of P. chlamydospora in Turkey. Within a month, all naturally infected almond trees in this orchard were collapsed and destroyed and the number of infected trees increased dramatically, indicating that it might be a significant threat to almond plantations and orchards, particularly on sites where excess soil water occurs periodically.Öğe Türkiye\\'de Mardin İli Zeytin Alanlarında Bazı Virüslerin Serolojik ve Moleküler Tekniklerle Araştırılması(2014) Çifçi, Osman; Serçe, Çiğdem UlubaşGüneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Mardin il ve ilçelerindeki zeytin ağaçlarındaki bazı virüs hastalıklarının durumunu araştırmak amacıyla 2010 yılında surveyler yapılmıştır. Virüs simptomu gösteren ağaçlardan ve virüslerin latent olarak taşındıkları göz önüne alınarak simptomsuz ağaçlardan da tesadüfi olarak toplam 170 sürgün örneği toplanmıştır. Alınan örnekler Olive latent-1 virus (OLV-1, Zeytin latent-1 virüs), Olive latent-2 virus (OLV-2, Zeytin latent-2 virüsü), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV, Kiraz yaprak kıvrılma virüsü), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV, Arabis mozaik virüs), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV, Çilek latent halkalı leke virüsü), Olive latent ringspot virus (OLRSV, Zeytin latent halkalı leke virüsü) ve Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Hıyar mozaik virüsü), Olive latent-3 virus (OLV-3, Zeytin latent-3 virüs)\\\"üne karşı testlere tabi tutulmuştur. Toplanan zeytin örneklerine mevcut poliklonal antiserumlar kullanılarak (DAS-ELISA) serolojik testler (CLRV, ArMV, SLRSV ve CMV) ve moleküler metodlar (dsRNA, RT-PCR) uygulanarak virüsler test edilmiştir. DAS-ELISA ve PCR analizlerinde tüm örnekler negatif olarak tespit edilirken, dsRNA anlizlerinde 41 örnekte, dsRNA profilleri tespit edilmiştir. Test edilen zeytin örnekleri araştırılan virüsler açısından temiz bulunurken, bu örneklerin zeytin ağaçlarını enfekte ettiği bilinen diğer virüsler açısından da test edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştırÖğe Update on phytoplasma diseases associated with starchy root and tuber crops in Asia(Elsevier, 2023) Reddy, Madem Gurivi; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Hoat, Trinh Xuan; Rao, Govind PratapStarchy roots and tuber crops play a pivotal role in the human diet and offer numerous desirable nutritional and health benefits. Many starchy tuber crops, except the common potatoes, sweet potatoes, and cassava, are not yet fully explored for their nutritional and health benefits. Tubers have an immense potential as functional food and nutraceutical ingredients to be explored in disease risk reduction and wellness. A variety of foods can be prepared using tubers and root crops and they may also be used in industrial applications. Several diseases have been reported of viral, bacterial, and fungal origin on these crops. But the literature on phytoplasma diseases is very meager. Since the tuber and starchy root are very important crops in all Asian countries, an updated information on phytoplasmas diseases associated with tuber them in Asian countries was reported. Among the phytoplasma diseases, potato leaf yellows, potato purple top, cassava witches' broom, sweet potato little leaf, elephant foot yam leaf yellows, and declining and yams decline are the prominent phytoplasma diseases reported in the Asian countries. Because of unspecific symptoms, the identification and characterization of the phytoplasmas associated with these tuber and starchy root crops are problematic and challenging. Here the progress made in understanding biology, economic importance, distribution, symptomatology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and control of phytoplasmas infecting tuber and starchy root crops in Asian countries is summarized. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Updates on phytoplasma diseases associated with fruit crops in Asia(Elsevier, 2023) Mitra, Surabhi; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Gazel, Mona; Nabi, Sajad un; Zamharir, Maryam Ghayeb; Rao, Govind PratapThe horticulture industry has experienced tremendous growth in Asia during the past 50 years and has developed into one of the major economic branches of modern agriculture. Asian countries have diverse types of tropical, temperate, and coastal climates, hence blessed with diversity of fruits unique to worldwide. Asia contains nearly 44% of the total fruit-producing area in the world and contributes about 42% to the total world fruit production, with the largest and the second largest fruit producers located in this continent. In fruit crops, phytoplasma diseases are important but fewer studies have been done on this group of pathogens particularly in Asian countries. Thus far, 13 groups of phytoplasmas (16SrI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIV, and XXXII) and 29 subgroups have been reported on 26 major tropical, subtropical, and temperate fruit species in Asia. The major phytoplasma diseases which cause serious economic losses to fruit production in Asia are pome and stone fruits, grapes, jujube, papaya, and citrus crops. The rapid emergence and spread of phytoplasmas are due to the enhancement of the international trade of planting materials and their final products. Losses to the quality and quantity of different fruits due to phytoplasma infection have now been widely reported from all over Asia. This chapter provides the most recent information on phytoplasma diseases and their occurrence, symptomatology, diversity, epidemiology, and management in economically important fruit crops in Asian countries. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
