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    Dietary inclusion of pumpkin seed oil for a cholesterol low and oleic and linolenic acid rich egg production in layer hens
    (ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2011) Celik, L.; Kutlu, H. R.; Sahan, Z.; Kiraz, A. Bozkurt; Serbester, U.; Hesenov, A.; Tekeli, A.
    The present study was conducted to evaluate whether dietary pumpkin seed oil would affect laying performance, egg quality, egg cholesterol content and the egg yolk fatty acid composition in Brown layer hens. For that, 72 Brown layers, 28- week-old, were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 18) of similar mean weight according to the added doses (0, 10, 20 or 40 g/kg) of pumpkin seed oil into the standard ration for 8 weeks. Laying performance was assessed by recording initial and final body weights, weight gains, food intake and food conversion ratio, egg weight, egg production daily, egg characteristics, as well as the plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and the egg cholesterol content and the fatty acid composition. The dietary pumpkin seed oil inclusion has not significantly affected the growth performances, the laying performance or the egg quality even if the overall number and weight of eggs and also the thickness and the weight of shell tended to slightly decrease. Whereas the plasma concentrations of triglycerides remained similar in the 4 groups, the cholesterolemia tended to decline according to the dose added to the ration and the glycaemia was significantly depressed in supplemented hens (P < 0.05). In parallel, the egg yolk cholesterol content was significantly lowered in birds receiving the pumpkin seed oil in a dose related manner and the yolk fatty acid composition was significantly altered, showing increase of behenic acid with the highest dose of pumpkin seed oil, and marked increase of unsaturated acids, particularly of oleic and linolenic acids whatever the dose. These results show that pumpkin seed oil can be added to the ration without significantly altering the growth and laying performance in order to produce eggs enriched in unsaturated acids and made thin in cholesterol.
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    EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMBINATION ON PERFORMANCE, MILK COMPOSITION, BLOOD PARAMETERS AND PREGNANCY RATE IN EARLY LACTATING DAIRY COWS DURING HEAT EXPOSURE
    (PAKISTAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS FORUM, 2012) Serbester, U.; Cinar, M.; Ceyhan, A.; Erdem, H.; Gorgulu, M.; Kutlu, H. R.; Cardozo, P. W.
    The objective of this study was to determine effect of an essential oil combination (EOC), which contained cinnamaldehyde and diallyl disulfide on performance, milk composition, blood parameters and pregnancy rate of early lactating dairy cows during heat exposure. Twenty five Holstein cows (days in milk= 37.4 +/- 3.09) were assigned to one of two treatment groups: a Control (n=12) and EOC fed (n=13). Cows were fed a total mixed ration comprising concentrate and silage of common vetch with triticale. The concentrate differed only in the supplementation of EOC at 25 mg/kg concentrate (as fed basis). The experiment lasted 11 weeks. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were measured daily while milk samples were taken twice a week. Blood samples were collected weekly, and ultrasonography was performed at 29 d and 42 d post TAI to determine pregnancy rate. Average of ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index (THI) were 25.9 degrees C, 73.4% and 76.8, respectively. The EOC supplementation had no effect (P> 0.05) on performance, milk composition and pregnancy rate. The EOC, however, increased (P< 0.01) insulin concentration, and tended to decrease (P= 0.074) serum total cholesterol concentration, and increase (P= 0.097) NEFA concentration. In conclusion, EOC supplementation in diets of early lactating dairy cows during heat exposure did not affect milk yield and composition, and pregnancy rate. The increase of insulin and reduction of total cholesterol observed in EOC group needs to be confirmed with further research.
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    Effect of essential oil combination on performance, milk composition, blood parameters and pregnancy rate in early lactating dairy cows during heat exposure
    (2012) Serbester, U.; Çinar, M.; Ceyhan, A.; Erdem, H.; Görgülü, M.; Kutlu, H.R.; Çelik, L. Baykal
    The objective of this study was to determine effect of an essential oil combination (EOC), which contained cinnamaldehyde and diallyl disulfide on performance, milk composition, blood parameters and pregnancy rate of early lactating dairy cows during heat exposure. Twenty five Holstein cows (days in milk= 37.4±3.09) were assigned to one of two treatment groups: a Control (n=12) and EOC fed (n=13). Cows were fed a total mixed ration comprising concentrate and silage of common vetch with triticale. The concentrate differed only in the supplementation of EOC at 25 mg/kg concentrate (as fed basis). The experiment lasted 11 weeks. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were measured daily while milk samples were taken twice a week. Blood samples were collected weekly, and ultrasonography was performed at 29 d and 42 d post TAI to determine pregnancy rate. Average of ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index (THI) were 25.9°C, 73.4% and 76.8, respectively. The EOC supplementation had no effect (P> 0.05) on performance, milk composition and pregnancy rate. The EOC, however, increased (P< 0.01) insulin concentration, and tended to decrease (P= 0.074) serum total cholesterol concentration, and increase (P= 0.097) NEFA concentration. In conclusion, EOC supplementation in diets of early lactating dairy cows during heat exposure did not affect milk yield and composition, and pregnancy rate. The increase of insulin and reduction of total cholesterol observed in EOC group needs to be confirmed with further research.
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    Effect of feeding starter containing butyrate salt on pre- and post-weaning performance of early or normally weaned calves
    (ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2014) Serbester, U.; Cakmakci, C.; Goncu, S.; Gorgulu, M.
    Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of the starter supplemented with butyrate salts on the performance of Holstein calves. Twenty-three and thirty-five male calves were used in the Experiment I and II, respectively. Total duration of the experiments are 70 d (35 d pre-weaning and 35 d post-weaning) and 100 d (60 d pre-weaning and 40 d post-weaning), respectively. In both of the experiments, all calves were kept together with their dam and fed colostrum for the first 3 days after calving and then housed in calf hutches. Calves were fed individually whole milk (4 l/d) with two meals and starter diets ad libutum in pre-weaning period, while total mixed ration contained starter (60%) and alfalfa hay ground (40%) were used in post-weaning period. The starter diets contained 0 (without butyrate salt, CON), 1.5 g/kg sodium butyrate (NaB15), and 3.0 g/kg sodium butyrate (NaB30) in the experiment I, 0 (without butyrate salt, CON), 2.5 g/kg calcium butyrate (CaB25) and 5.0 g/kg calcium butyrate (CaB50) in the experiment II. Live weight, live weight gain and feed intake of calves were determined weekly in each experiment. Feeding starter containing NaB increased significantly (P< 0.05) live weight, live weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency of calves during pre-weaning period, but did not post-weaning period. On the other hand, feeding starter supplemented with CaB did not affect performance of calves in both periods. The present results suggest that the inclusion of NaB in starter feeds could be recommended for calves in early weaning program.
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    Effects of the dietary flax or grape seed oils on the egg yolk fatty acid composition and on the n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in laying hens
    (ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2011) Celik, L.; Kutlu, H. R.; Sahan, Z.; Kiraz, A. B.; Serbester, U.; Hesenov, A.; Tekeli, A.
    The present study was carried out to examine the effects of the dietary inclusion of flax or grape seed oils on the egg yolk fatty acid composition in two consecutive trials using Brown layer hens. In each experiment, after a 2 week acclimatising period, a total of 72 hens, 28 week old, were allotted in 4 equal groups (18 birds in each group) according to the seed oil doses (0%, 1%, 2% and 4%) included into the standard diet for 8 weeks. The fatty acid composition of the egg yolk was analysed at the beginning and at the end of each experimental period by gas chromatography. When the flax seed oil (rich in alpha-linolenic acid) was included to the diet, the proportions of the lignoceric (C24:0) and the linoleic (C18:2, n-6) acids gradually decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) whereas the a-linolenic acid (Cl 8:3, n-3) percentage and the n-3 / n-6 ratio significantly increased according to the included dose (P < 0.01) in the egg yolk. On the contrary, the yolk lignoceric acid content increased (P < 0.05) and the a-linolenic acid proportion as well as the n-3 / n-6 ratio significantly decreased in a dose-dependant manner (P < 0.05) when the grape seed oil (rich in linoleate) was used. These results show that the dietary inclusion of I% to 4% seed oils significantly affects the yolk acid composition and mainly the a-linoleate proportions and the n-3 / n-6 ratio and that the flax seed oil contrary to the grape seed oil induced a marked accumulation of the n-3 acid in yolk probably by promoting its direct deposition.