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Öğe Assessment of the results of the pendulum friction tester (EN 14231) for natural building stones used as floor-coverings(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2013) Karaca, Zeki; Gurcan, Sevgi; Gokce, Mehmedi Vehbi; Sivrikaya, OsmanThe main scope and parameter in choosing stone materials for floorings are unquestionably safety and slip resistance. The standard "EN 14231" is one of those developed for natural stones. The device used for the tests of this standard, "the pendulum coefficient friction tester", determines the slip resistance value of floorings in angle. Standards and their testers have constantly being developed. When this point of view is considered, EN 14231 has not yet been criticized. In this study, EN 14231 and the results obtained by the pendulum tester were for the first time analysed in terms of characteristics expected from a standard. For experimental studies, marble, limestone, travertine and granite samples currently in use as natural building materials were used. For each type of stone, four well-known and widely used stones that had surface roughness less than 1 mm were chosen. In this respect, 384 pendulum tests were conducted on 192 samples and more than 2200 angles were read from F scale. Depending on these readings, the dry slip resistance value-wet slip resistance value (DSRV-WSRV) relationships of marbles, limestone, travertine, and granites were investigated. Except travertine, DSRV-surface roughness and WSRV- surface roughness relationships of the samples were investigated. In addition, DSRV- cavity surface area and WSRV- cavity surface area relationships of travertine samples were investigated. After the evaluation of the test results, it was observed that, in general, higher correlations were obtained from wet samples compared to dry ones. The highest correlations were obtained from wet limestone samples. On the other hand, the lowest correlations were determined on the marble samples. Besides, petrographic characteristics and the physical characteristics of the stones such as, surface roughness and surface cavities were not recorded to have had any determinative effects on the results of the pendulum tester. According to the data obtained in this study, EN 14231 and the pendulum tester were seen to have fallen short in distinguishing both different types of natural stones and different groups of the same type of stone. For this reason, new researches should be made on EN 14231 and the pendulum tester device and both should be developed further. In the light of these results, EN 14231 was concluded to have been unsatisfying in terms of the characteristics expected from a standard and its applicability for slip resistance tests of stone materials to be used in floorings. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Concentration study of a specularite ore via shaking table, reverse flotation, and microwave-assisted magnetic separation(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Al-Dhubaibi, Ammar Mahdi Ahmed; Vapur, Huseyin; Top, Soner; Sivrikaya, OsmanDespite the difficulties in pelletizing specularite-type refractory iron ores, the utilization of these resources is indispensable for the steel industry due to the increasing need for iron. This study investigated Fe recovery from a refractory iron ore using gravity separation, reverse flotation, and two-stage magnetic separation. Tilt angle and particle size had a significant effect on the grade and recovery of concentrates in shaking table tests. Gravity concentration at optimum conditions resulted in an iron concentrate with 64.47% Fe grade and 90.73% Fe recovery. In the reverse flotation tests, the frother and depressant substantially affected the Fe grade of concentrates while the collector influenced the Fe recovery. A 90% Fe recovery with 64.69% Fe grade was obtained within optimum flotation conditions. The Fe grades were raised to >67.5% in products after the first magnetic separation. The tailings of the first magnetic separation were subjected to the second magnetic separation after microwave-assisted roasting to increase the magnetic susceptibility. In the second magnetic separation, a concentrate containing 66.06% Fe was separated from the microwave-roasted non-magnetic material with 82.23% Fe recovery. To the best of our knowledge, the microwave-roasting method has been applied to a specularite-type refractory iron ore for the first time.Öğe Effects of curing time and freeze-thaw cycle on strength of soils with high plasticity stabilized by waste marble powder(Springer, 2020) Aydin, Kemal; Sivrikaya, Osman; Uysal, FirdevsThis paper presents the experimental study on stabilization of fine-grained soils using waste calcitice marble powder (CMP) and dolomitic marble powder (DMP). Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on both the pure and stabilized soil specimens with the percentages of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50% waste marble powder (MP) by weight. The soil specimens mixed with two types of waste MP were cured for 7, 30, and 60 days and also subjected to freezing and thawing with 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 cycles to investigate the effect of curing time and freezing-thawing on unconfined compressive strength (q(u)) and undrained elastic modulus (E-u). Besides, mass losses (ML) of soil specimens were calculated after freezing-thawing cycles. According to the test results, the values of q(u) and E-u of stabilized soil specimens increased sharply at waste MP content of 5% and then decreased with increasing of MP in highly plastic silt (MH) with plasticity index of 21. q(u) and E-u increased with curing time dependent on the waste marble type and content in both soil type of specimens. As a result of this study, the waste MP contributed the fine-grained soils more resistant to freezing-thawing.Öğe EFFECTS OF GROUND GRANULATED BLAST-FURNACE SLAG ON THE INDEX AND COMPACTION PARAMETERS OF CLAYEY SOILS(UNIV MARIBOR, 2014) Sivrikaya, Osman; Yavascan, Selman; Cecen, EmreThe use of industrial wastes in soil stabilization not only provides for the re-use of waste materials, which may cause environmental pollution, but also leads to cost benefits. In this context, the use of industrial wastes in the stabilization of fine-grained soils has become a research topic in recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential use of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) in clayey soil stabilization. In this study, the GBFS obtained from the Iskenderun iron-steel plant as an industrial waste was ground into two different fineness levels, and the effects of their incorporation into low-plasticity Kolsuz clay and high-plasticity bentonite clay in various rates (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%) on the particle weight of unit volume, the consistency limits, and the compaction parameters are investigated. Based on the experimental results, it is clear that the GBFS has a positive effect on the stabilization of both clayey soils. It was also concluded that the improvement in bentonite clay is greater than that in Kolsuz clay. Thus, GBFS seems to be a promising material for the stabilization of clayey soils.Öğe Effects of ground granulated blastfurnace slag on the index and compaction parameters of clayey soils(University of Maribor, 2014) Sivrikaya, Osman; Yavascan, Selman; Cecen, EmreThe use of industrial wastes in soil stabilization not only provides for the re-use of waste materials, which may cause environmental pollution, but also leads to cost benefits. In this context, the use of industrial wastes in the stabilization of fine-grained soils has become a research topic in recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential use of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) in clayey soil stabilization. In this study, the GBFS obtained from the Iskenderun iron-steel plant as an industrial waste was ground into two different fineness levels, and the effects of their incorporation into low-plasticity Kolsuz clay and high-plasticity bentonite clay in various rates (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%) on the particle weight of unit volume, the consistency limits, and the compaction parameters are investigated. Based on the experimental results, it is clear that the GBFS has a positive effect on the stabilization of both clayey soils. It was also concluded that the improvement in bentonite clay is greater than that in Kolsuz clay. Thus, GBFS seems to be a promising material for the stabilization of clayey soils.Öğe Enerji kaynağı olarak asfaltit: oluşumu,içeriği,Türkiye rezervleri,temizlenmesi(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2019) Demirci, Seda; Sivrikaya, Osman; Vapur, HüseyinPetrolün tektonik hareketler sonucu kendi yatağından ayrılarak çevredeki yarık ve çatlaklara yerleşerek sıcaklık ve basıncın etkisi ile metamorfizmaya uğramış maddelere asfaltit denir. Petrol kökenli olması, kalorisinin yüksek olması ve içerisinde nikel, molibden, vanadyum gibi elementleri bulundurması nedeniyle önemli bir kaynak olarak görülmektedir. Türkiye’de Şırnak ve Hakkari illerinde 13 filon halinde bulunan asfaltit yatakları tespit edilmiştir. Kalori değerinin yüksek olması Şırnak-Silopi’de bulunan asfaltit kaynağının, 405 MW gücünde akışkan yataklı kazan teknolojili termik santral kurulmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Mineral madde ve kükürt asfaltitin yakıt olarak kullanılmasında büyük bir sorundur. Bu yüzden yerleşim merkezlerinde evsel ısıtmalarda kullanılması sakıncalıdır. Asfaltitleri çevreye uyumlu bir enerji kaynağı haline getirmek için çeşitli temizleme çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda kül oranında düşüş saptanmasına rağmen kükürt değerlerinde istenilen oranda düşüş gözlemlenememiştir. Bu çalışmada asfaltit hakkında bilgiler Türkiye’nin asfaltit kaynakları ile birlikte verilirken asfaltitin enerji kaynağı olarak kullanımından kaynaklanan çevresel zararlarını azaltmak için yapılan çalışmalar hakkında kapsamlı bilgiler sunulmuştur.Öğe Estimating compaction behavior of fine-grained soils based on compaction energy(CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS, 2008) Sivrikaya, Osman; Togrol, Ergun; Kayadelen, CaferFor successful designs of geotechnical structures, rational determination of the engineering properties of soils is an important process. In this context, compaction parameters, maximum dry unit weight (gamma(dmax)), and optimum water content (w(opt)) are required to be determined at various compaction energies. This paper proposes correlation equations that relate gdmax and wopt obtained from standard Proctor (SP) and modified Proctor ( MP) tests to the index properties. To develop accurate relations, the data collected from the literature and the authors' own database have been used. It has been found that while wopt has the best correlation with plastic limit (w(p)), gamma(dmax) can be estimated more accurately from w(opt) than it can from w(p). In addition, the empirical methods including compaction energy (E) are described for estimating w(opt) and gamma(dmax) of fine-grained soils. The variables of the developed models for wopt and gamma(dmax) are w(p), E, and w(opt). It has been shown that the proposed correlations including the compaction energy will be useful for a preliminary design of a project where there is a financial constraint and limited time.Öğe Estimation of compaction parameters of fine-grained soils in terms of compaction energy using artificial neural networks(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011) Sivrikaya, Osman; Soycan, Taner Y.The determination of the compaction parameters such as optimum water content (w(opt)) and maximum dry unit weight (gamma(dmax)) requires great efforts by applying the compaction testing procedure which is also time consuming and needs significant amount of work. Therefore, it seems more reasonable to use the indirect methods for estimating the compaction parameters. In recent years, the artificial neural network (ANN) modelling has gained an increasing interest and is also acquiring more popularity in geotechnical engineering applications. This study deals with the estimation of the compaction parameters for fine-grained soils based on compaction energy using ANN with the feed-forward back-propagation algorithm. In this study, the data including the results of the consistency tests, standard and modified Proctor tests, are collected from the literature and used in the analyses. The optimum structure of a network is determined for each ANN models. The analyses showed that the ANN models give quite reliable estimations in comparison with regression methods, thus they can be used as a reliable tool for the prediction of w(opt) and gamma(dmax). Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Evaluation of the bearing capacity of poor subgrade soils stabilized with waste marble powder according to curing time and freeze-thaw cycles(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Yorulmaz, Aysegul; Sivrikaya, Osman; Uysal, FirdevsIn this study, pavement subgrade soils were stabilized with two difference types of waste marble powder, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted to evaluate the improvement in their bearing capacity. To this end, highly plastic silt (MH) and highly plastic clay (CH) layers were used as the subgrade soil material. A number of unsoaked CBR tests were conducted on the test samples by adding a varying percentage of calcitic marble powder (CMP) and dolomitic marble powder (DMP) using different freeze-thaw cycles (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 cycles) and curing times (0, 7, 30, and 60 days) in the laboratory. The waste marble powder ratios were taken as 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50% by the dry weight of each soil specimen. SEM and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analyses were also performed on the specimens to determine the efficiency of the marble powders. According to the comparison based on the CBR values, the inclusion of an appropriate amount and type of waste marble powder positively affected the bearing capacity of the subgrade soil samples regardless of curing time and number of freeze-thaw cycles. Moreover, both curing time and freezing-thawing cycles influenced the CBR values depending on the waste marble powder type and content and subgrade soil type. © 2021, Saudi Society for Geosciences.Öğe Improvement of Dynamic Response of Structures on Sandy Soil by Means of Viscous Dampers(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2021) Sivrikaya, Osman; Aydin, Ersin; Turker, HilalSuperstructure models used in optimal damper problem are usually connected rigidly to ground, and ground effects are not taken into account. This study reveals the effect of relative density of sandy soils on the damper problems. The optimal distribution of viscous dampers and the effect of relative density of sandy soils on the dynamic response of structure for ann-storey shear-building model are examined. The governing equation of soil-structure model is established and the equations in the frequency domain are derived using Fourier transformation. Steepest direction search algorithm is used as an optimization method. The four different objective functions, which are the top displacement, top absolute acceleration, base shear and base moment behaviour of the structure defined in the frequency domain, are minimized. The fundamental mode response of structural model is taken into account, and the time history analyses are conducted by using El Centro (NS) earthquake acceleration record. The effect of relative density of sandy soils on the responses of structure with optimal design and the effect of the variation of total damper capacity used in the optimization stage are investigated. It is observed that the variation of the objective functions, total damping capacity and ground conditions can change the optimal design. The low displacement in damped systems has occurred in comparison with no damper. The structural response in the rigid case is less than those in the different relative density of sandy soils. The added dampers placed according to the different objectives have improved the structural response and also reduced the harmful effects caused by poor ground conditions.Öğe Models of compacted fine-grained soils used as mineral liner for solid waste(SPRINGER, 2008) Sivrikaya, OsmanTo prevent the leakage of pollutant liquids into groundwater and sublayers, the compacted fine-grained soils are commonly utilized as mineral liners or a sealing system constructed under municipal solid waste and other containment hazardous materials. This study presents the correlation equations of the compaction parameters required for construction of a mineral liner system. The determination of the characteristic compaction parameters, maximum dry unit weight (gamma(dmax)) and optimum water content (w(opt)) requires considerable time and great effort. In this study, empirical models are described and examined to find which of the index properties correlate well with the compaction characteristics for estimating gamma(dmax) and w(opt) of fine-grained soils at the standard compactive effort. The compaction data are correlated with different combinations of gravel content (G), sand content (S), fine-grained content (FC = clay + silt), plasticity index (I-p), liquid limit (w(L)) and plastic limit (w(P)) by performing multilinear regression (MLR) analyses. The obtained correlations with statistical parameters are presented and compared with the previous studies. It is found that the maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content have a considerably good correlation with plastic limit in comparison with liquid limit and plasticity index.Öğe Numerical estimation of the one-dimensional consolidation behavior of clay(University of Maribor, 2020) Uysal, Firdevs; Sivrikaya, OsmanThe consolidation behavior of clayey soils is traditionally evaluated in the laboratory using the one-dimensional consolidometer test. A new oedometer cell design with a ring of 60 mm in height, 75 mm in diameter was made to measure the excess pore-water pressure at the undrained base of the specimen and the friction between the soil and the ring, and to determine the ?-log p curve. This study deals with numerical modeling of the one-dimensional consolidation test and comparing the data obtained from the experimental study with the data from the modeling. In the modeling, the Soft Soil and Soft Soil Creep models were used for the clay proposed in this study. The results show, as a general trend, that the data from the numerical modeling are compatible with those from the experimental study. © 2020 University of Maribor. All rights reserved.Öğe NUMERICAL ESTIMATION OF THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR OF CLAY(Univ Maribor, 2020) Uysal, Firdevs; Sivrikaya, OsmanThe consolidation behavior of clayey soils is traditionally evaluated in the laboratory using the one-dimensional consolidometer test. A new oedometer cell design with a ring of 60 mm in height, 75 mm in diameter was made to measure the excess pore-water pressure at the undrained base of the specimen and the friction between the soil and the ring, and to determine the epsilon - log p curve. This study deals with numerical modeling of the one-dimensional consolidation test and comparing the data obtained from the experimental study with the data from the modeling. In the modeling, the Soft Soil and Soft Soil Creep models were used for the clay proposed in this study. The results show, as a general trend, that the data from the numerical modeling are compatible with those from the experimental study.Öğe Optimal damper distributions in shear frames considering soil conditions(European Association for Structural Dynamics, 2020) Aydin, Ersin; Ozturk, Baki; Sivrikaya, OsmanWhen there is an optimal damper application issue, superstructure models are installed and strongly connected to the ground. However; there is no consideration of the ground influences. Within this current research, the influence of sandy soil relative density upon damper issues has been analysed. Assessment has been carried out upon the optimal distribution of viscous dampers along with the influence of sandy soil relative density on the structural dynamic response for the n-storey shear building model. The soil-structure model governing equation has also been derived and the Fourier Transformation is used to present the frequency domain equations. An optimized procedure, which is the Steepest Direction Search Algorithm (SDSA), is applied. Minimization of the objective function, which is the base moment behaviour of structure stated within the frequency domain, is done. The fundamental mode response of structural model has been considered and the El Centro (NS) earthquake ground acceleration record is used to conduct the time history analyses. Investigation has been carried out for the sandy soil relative density influence upon the optimal design of structure responses along with the total damper capacity variation influence applied within the optimization level. Since the optimal design alters due to the base moment, the sandy soil influences have been assessed thoroughly. As compared to no damper at all case, the damped system has taken place with low base moment. At a rigid level, the structural response is lower as compared to a different sandy soil relative density. The structural response is enhanced after dampers are added based on proposed objective function. Furthermore, the damaging influence created by the poor ground conditions has also been reduced. © 2020 European Association for Structural Dynamics. All rights reserved.Öğe Practical charts to identify the predominant clay mineral based on oxide composition of clayey soils(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Sivrikaya, Osman; Uzal, Burak; Ozturk, Yunus EmreThis study proposes some useful practical charts representing the relationships between oxide composition and the type of predominant clay mineral present in clay soils. In order to produce the charts, the data set are collected from published literature. Some useful classification schemes for predominant clay mineral type were obtained by using binary and ternary graphs of oxide composition data. The most successful relations indicating the type of clay mineral have been found on SiO2 versus Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + FeO, SiO2 versus MgO + CaO + Na2O + K2O binary plots, SiO2 Al2O3 Others and SiO2 - Al2O3 - K2O ternary plots. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe PREDICTION OF THE COMPACTION PARAMETERS FOR COARSE-GRAINED SOILS WITH FINES CONTENT BY MLR AND GEP(UNIV MARIBOR, 2013) Sivrikaya, Osman; Kayadelen, Cafer; Cecen, EmreThe determination of the compaction parameters of soils, the maximum dry unit weight (gamma(dmax)) and the optimum water content (w(opt)), at various compaction energy (E) levels is an important process. The aim of this study is to develop correlations in order to estimate the compaction parameters dependent on the compaction energy for coarse-grained soils with various fines contents on which limited studies exist in the literature. Genetic Expression Programming (GEP) and Multi Linear Regression (MLR) analyses are used in the derivation of the correlations for the prediction of gamma(dmax) and w(opt) obtained from Standard Proctor (SP) and Modified Proctor (MP) tests with the index properties of coarse-grained soils with various fines contents. To develop the models, a total of 86 data sets collected from university laboratories in Turkey and six parameters, such as gravel content (G %), sand content (S %), fines content (FC %), liquid limit (w(L) %) and plasticity index (I-P %) of fines content and compaction energy (E Joule), are used. The performance of the models is comprehensively examined using several statistical verification tools. The results revealed that the GEP and MLR models are fairly promising approaches for the prediction of the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum water content of cohesionless soils with various fines contents at SP and MP compaction energy levels. The proposed correlations are reasonable ways to estimate the compaction parameters for the preliminary design of a project where there are financial and time limitations.Öğe Prediction of the compaction parameters for coarse-grained soils with fines content by MLR and GEP(2013) Sivrikaya, Osman; Kayadelen, Cafer; Cecen, EmreThe determination of the compaction parameters of soils, the maximum dry unit weight (?dmax) and the optimum water content (wopt), at various compaction energy (E) levels is an important process. The aim of this study is to develop correlations in order to estimate the compaction parameters dependent on the compaction energy for coarse-grained soils with various fines contents on which limited studies exist in the literature. Genetic Expression Programming (GEP) and Multi Linear Regression (MLR) analyses are used in the derivation of the correlations for the prediction of ?dmax and wopt obtained from Standard Proctor (SP) and Modified Proctor (MP) tests with the index properties of coarse-grained soils with various fines contents. To develop the models, a total of 86 data sets collected from university laboratories in Turkey and six parameters, such as gravel content (G %), sand content (S %), fines content (FC %), liquid limit (wL %) and plasticity index (IP %) of fines content and compaction energy (E Joule), are used. The performance of the models is comprehensively examined using several statistical verification verification tools. The results revealed that the GEP and MLR models are fairly promising approaches for the prediction of the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum water content of cohesionless soils with various fines contents at SP and MP compaction energy levels. The proposed correlations are reasonable ways to estimate the compaction parameters for the preliminary design of a project where there are financial and time limitations. Copyright © 2014, AGS.Öğe Recycling waste from natural stone processing plants to stabilise clayey soil(SPRINGER, 2014) Sivrikaya, Osman; Kiyildi, Koray R.; Karaca, ZekiFor the countries with a developed stone industry the waste generated in the natural stone processing plants pose environmental and economic problems. The utilisation of stone waste in various areas is still under research. In addition, there are only a limited number of studies concerning the use of stone waste obtained from processing plants in the stabilisation of clayey soil. Furthermore, none of the studies in the literature investigated the effect of the characteristics of the stone on the stabilisation of the soil. This is the first study that compares the efficiency of the waste calcitic marble, dolomitic marble and granite powder as additives for the stabilisation of clayey soil. Artificial soil samples were prepared in the laboratory using bentonite and kaolinite. Natural stone waste powder was added to the soil samples at different percentages, and the index and compaction parameters of the stabilised soil were analysed. The results showed that the types of waste powder used in this study, like lime, could be used as stabilisers. As the percentage of additives increased, the plasticity index of the clayey soil decreased and the physical properties of the soil changed from clay to silt. In terms of compaction parameters, the use of all types of natural waste powder in the study resulted in a decrease in the optimum water content and an increase in the maximum dry unit weight. The lowest optimum water content and the highest maximum dry unit weight were obtained from the dolomitic marble powder.Öğe Relationships between SPT-N value and undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils in Turkey(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2007) Sivrikaya, Osman; Togrol, ErguhIn engineering applications, information obtained during Soil explorations may be limited due to the difficulties encountered in sampling, testing and the costs involved. So, it is useful to determine properties of soils by using a small number of soil parameters that can be obtained easily. fit this study the correlations between the SPT-N Value and undrained shear strength (c(u)) are examined and developed for types of fine-grained soils based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) corrections and test type considered statistically, and comparisons are made with Previous studies, It is observed that while the correlations proposed by Terzaghi and Peck (1967), commonly used in practice, and Stroud (1974) are compatable with those proposed by the current study, those proposed by the others have given quite high results.Öğe The Efficiency of Waste Marble Powder in the Stabilization of Fine-Grained Soils in Terms of Volume Changes(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Sivrikaya, Osman; Uysal, Firdevs; Yorulmaz, Aysegul; Aydin, KemalThe recycling of waste marble powder (MP) for soil stabilization is still under research for geotechnical engineers, with the aim of improving poor soil properties. This paper investigated the effect of calcitic marble powder (CMP) and dolomitic marble powder (DMP) on the geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils. Consistency limits, linear shrinkage, expansion index, and one-dimensional consolidation tests were performed on non-stabilized and stabilized samples with 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50% of waste CMP and DMP to determine the efficiency of using waste marble powders in soil stabilization. The marble powder ratio which gave the best results was determined as 50% for both MH samples and CH samples. The laboratory test results showed that the waste marble powders were effective in soil stabilization by reducing the plasticity index from 49 to 26 for the CH samples and from 21 to 9 for the MH sample, expansion index from 45 to 20 for the CH sample and from 32 to 7 for the MH sample, swelling index from 0.0030 to 0.0012 for the MH sample, compression index from 0.013 to 0.010 for the MH sample, and linear shrinkage from 16.2 to 10.5 for the CH sample. The waste MP content and fine-grained soil type need to be taken into consideration in soil stabilization based on volume change.
