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    Competitive ability and plasticity of Wedelia trilobata (L.) under wetland hydrological variations
    (Nature Portfolio, 2020) Javed, Qaiser; Sun, Jianfan; Azeem, Ahmad; Jabran, Khawar; Du, Daolin
    Growth behavior of different species under different habitats can be studied by comparing the production of biomass, plasticity index and relative competitive interaction. However, these functional traits of invasive species received rare consideration for determining the invasion success of invasive species at wetlands. Here, we examined the effect of water depth at 5cm and 15cm (static and fluctuated) with different nutrient concentrations (full-strength (n1), 1/4-strength (n2) and 1/8-strength (n3) Hoagland solution) on functional traits of invasive Wedelia trilobata and its congener native Wedelia chinensis under mono and mixed culture. Water depth of 5cm with any of the nutrient treatments (n1, n2 and n3) significantly restrained the photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) of both W. trilobata and W. chinensis. While, increase in the water depth to 15cm with low nutrient treatment (n3) reduced more of biomass of W. chinensis under mixed culture. However, relative competition interaction (RCI) was recorded positive for W. trilobata and seemingly W. trilobata benefited more from RCI under high-fluctuated water depth at 15cm in mixed culture. Therefore, higher PNUE, more competitive ability and higher plasticity may contribute to the invasiveness of W. trilobata in wetlands.
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    The Effect of Submergence and Eutrophication on the Trait's Performance of Wedelia Trilobata over Its Congener Native Wedelia Chinensis
    (Mdpi, 2020) Azeem, Ahmad; Sun, Jianfan; Javed, Qaiser; Jabran, Khawar; Du, Daolin
    Climate change and artificial disturbance may lead to increased submergence and eutrophication near a riparian zone and the shift of terrestrial plants into a riparian zone. In this study, the responses of terrestrial invasive Wedelia trilobata (WT) and congener native Wedelia chinensis (WC) plants were examined under submergence and eutrophication. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in which ramets of WT and WC were investigated under two levels of submergence (S1 and S2) and three levels of nutrients (N1, N2 and N3) along with two cultures (mono and mixed). Submergence (S) did not affect the morphological traits of both the species but nutrients (N), culture (C) and their interaction, along with submergence, had a significant effect on the morphological traits of both the species. The growth of WC under high submergence and high nutrients was decreased compared with low nutrients (N1, N2) but WT maintained its growth in monoculture. In mixed culture, low submergence (S1) and low nutrients (N1, N2) made WC more dominant but high submergence (S2) and high nutrients (N3) made WT more successful than WC due to its high phenotypic plasticity and negative effect of competition intensity. It was concluded that both species survive and grow well under submergence and eutrophication, but high submergence and eutrophication provide better conditions for WT to grow well.
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    Under Biological Invasion: Impacts of Litter Decomposition Mediated by Invasive Plant Species on Soil Nutrients and Functional Growth Traits of both Invasive and Native Plant Species
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Ullah, Muhammad Saif; Farooque, Aitazaz A.; Javed, Qaiser; Ullah, Ikram; Bo, Yanwen; Jabran, Khawar; Sun, Jianfan
    An invasive plant, Solidago canadensis is quickly encroaching across Eastern China and has become a crucial concern in the alteration of native ecosystem structure and function. However, the impact on invaded soil from S. canadensis litter is still under consideration. This study evaluated the effects of different levels of litter mass (Control: L0, 5 g: L5, 10 g: L10, 15 g: L15, and 20 g: L20) of invasive S. canadensis on the functional traits of two congeneric plant species (S. canadensis and S. decurrens), as well as resulting variations in soil nutrient levels. Our results indicated that shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass, leaf chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen were significantly higher at L15 compared to the other treatments in the experiment. Additionally, in the L20 treatment all traits were decreased drastically, although these were higher than the control treatment, i.e. L0. Soil nutrients increased as the level of litter mass was raised in the soil. Furthermore, our study showed that high litter mass from S. canadensis can adversely impact the functional traits of both plant species. Further studies are required to assess the allelopathic effect of litter mass, as well as biological and physicochemical properties of field soil where high quantities of the invasive plant litter are found.