Yazar "Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 24
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Appraisal of subsurface hydrogeochemical processes in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of south India based on mass transfer and fuzzy comprehensive modeling(Springer, 2021) Karunanidhi, D.; Aravinthasamy, P.; Deepali, M.; Subramani, T.; Sunkari, Emmanuel DaanobaThe main aim of the present study was to examine the quality of the groundwater and decipher the sources of groundwater fluoride through mass balance modeling based on fluoride exposure in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of southern India. This was achieved by hydrogeochemical analysis, graphical methods, and mass transfer modeling approaches. Fuzzy comprehensive technique was applied to evaluate the quality of groundwater for groundwater management. In this regard, 61 groundwater samples were obtained from open wells and bore wells and analyzed for different physicochemical parameters. The major cation and anion abundances follow the order Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K(+)and Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > PO43-. About 88.4% and 34.4% of the total water samples were dominated with Na(+)and Cl(-)ions in this region, respectively. The fluoride level in groundwater ranged from 0.10 to 3.30 mg/l with a mean value of 1.04 mg/l. Nearly 25% of the groundwater samples collected from 15 villages showed fluoride concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l as per the World Health Organization recommendations for human intake. More than 85% of the samples fell under strong acid (Cl(-)and SO42-) type. The amount of groundwater salinization in this region was 70.5% since the Revelle index (RI) was excess in the groundwater samples (RI > 0.5 meq/l). Silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution were the dominant geogenic processes in the aquifer system influencing groundwater chemistry and nullified the possibility of carbonate dissolution. Saturation indices revealed the contribution of sequestration of CaCO(3)in F(-)enrichment. Total dissolved solids showed strong positive correlations with Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO(4)(2-)and NO(3-)indicating the contribution of anthropogenic inputs to groundwater chemistry in addition to geogenic sources. The results of the fuzzy comprehensive method indicated that 33% of the groundwater samples fell under fair water type, 2% and 11% of the samples fell under poor and very poor quality water types, respectively. Therefore, this work will be helpful for the decision-makers to plan for the sustainable management of groundwater resources.Öğe Assessment of the quality of water resources in the Upper East Region, Ghana: a review(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2020) Abanyie, Samuel Kojo; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Apea, Ohene Boansi; Abagale, Samson; Korboe, Harriet MatekoWater is an indispensable resource for human health and social well-being. However, the quality of this critical resource is being threatened by both natural and anthropogenic sources. Surface and groundwater resources in the Upper East Region of Ghana are poorly managed and monitored. The water resources in this part of Ghana are contaminated with coliforms, toxic trace metals, and agrochemicals. Most of the parameters for drinking water quality are seriously being violated in various parts of the region. The major sources of surface water and groundwater pollution in the region are the dissolution of minerals, the widespread application of agrochemicals on farms, biological contamination resulting from human and animal fecal matter due to open defecation and mining activities. These have resulted in diverse health-related problems in the region since the contaminated water sources are the only drinking water supplies for rural folks. Fluoride contamination of the groundwater resources is also a major problem in the region, especially in the Bongo District and the Bolgatanga Municipality, which has resulted in cases of dental fluorosis in these parts of the region. There exists no comprehensive review on the water quality in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Therefore, this review is aimed at discussing the quality of the water resources in the region from previously published works in various parts of the region. The review highlights the major pollutants, pollution sources, and the associated health problems. Recommendations have been offered based on the findings to serve as a framework for policy-making in regard to the water resources in the region.Öğe Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability using GIS-based DRASTIC model in Greater Monrovia, Montserrado County, Liberia(Elsevier, 2023) Koon, Arthur B.; Anornu, Geophrey Kwame; Dekongmen, Benjamin Wullobayi; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Agyare, Asante; Gyamfi, CharlesTo ensure that groundwater resources are effectively protected and to improve the quality of life, it is vital to take into consideration all polluting activities that could pose a potential risk to the resource. Groundwater potential research conducted only covers 5% of Montserrado County excluding Greater Monrovia in Liberia. Although this little percentage of groundwater potential research is well known, studies on the vulnerability of the aquifer to pollution are non-existent. Therefore, this study aims at assessing groundwater vulnerability in Greater Monrovia, Mon-tserrado County, Liberia, which will help in optimizing water well drilling activities and pro-tecting the resource. A groundwater vulnerability map for the study area using the Geographic Information System (GIS) based DRASTIC Model was developed and the results suggest that 73% of the study area is very sensitive to pollution, whereas 15% and 11% are moderately and weakly sensitive to pollution, respectively. The key pollution areas identified within the study area were communities of intensive anthropogenic activities and associated geological contamination. The effectiveness of the GIS-based DRASTIC Model in groundwater vulnerability assessment was validated and nearly 60% of the wells contained fluoride concentrations that exceeded the Liberia Water Quality Standard (LWQS) permissible limit. The findings suggest that even though the water table is relatively shallow, future projects in the high and moderate sensitivity zones should be handled carefully. Planners, groundwater managers, and decision-makers may utilize the maps created by this study as a general point of reference for vulnerability when making attempts to safeguard this delicate resource.Öğe Flood vulnerability assessment in the Accra Metropolis, southeastern Ghana(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Dekongmen, Benjamin Wullobayi; Kabo-bah, Amos Tiereyangn; Domfeh, Martin Kyereh; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Dile, Yihun Taddele; Antwi, Eric Ofosu; Gyimah, Rita Akosua AnimaFloods in Ghana have become a perennial challenge in the major cities and communities located in low-lying areas. Therefore, cities and communities located in these areas have been classified as potential or natural flood-prone zones. In this study, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Accra Metropolis was used to assess the drainage density and elevation patterns of the area. The annual population estimation data and flood damages were assessed to understand the damages and population trend. This research focused primarily on the elevation patterns, slope patterns, and drainage density of the Accra Metropolis. Very high drainage density values, which range between 149 and 1117 m/m(2), showed very high runoff converging areas. High drainage density was also found to be in the range of 1117-1702 m/m(2), which defined the area as a high runoff converging point. The medium and low converging points of runoff were also found to be ranging between 1702-2563 m/m(2) and 2563-4070 m/m(2), respectively. About 32% of the study area is covered by natural flood-prone zones, whereas flood-prone zones also covered 33% and frequent flood zones represent 25%. Areas in the Accra Metropolis that fall in the Accraian and Togo series rock types experience high floods. However, the lineament networks (geological structures) that dominate the Dahomeyan series imply that the geological structures in the Dahomeyan series also channel the runoffs into the low-lying areas, thereby contributing to the perennial flooding in the Accra Metropolis.Öğe Fluid Evolution of the Fe-Zn Skarn Deposits in the Çiftehan (Ulukışla-Niğde) Area, South-Central Turkey(Springer Nature, 2023) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Lermi, Abdurrahman; Demir, YılmazThis study investigated the compositional variations of fluid inclusions in the different stages of mineralization at the Esendemirtepe and Horoz Fe-Zn skarns, south-central Turkey. The skarn zones in the study area consist of volcano-sedimentary sequences intruded by intrusive bodies and marble–schist in contact with granitoids. The primary ore minerals in both locations are magnetite and hematite, with subordinate sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. The Esendemirtepe Fe-Zn skarn deposit is a typical deep exoskarn characterized by irregular disseminated hematite and magnetite assemblages with blebs of chalcopyrite, accompanied by calcite, quartz, and epidote at the contact between the volcano-sedimentary units and the skarn. The Horoz Fe-Zn skarn deposit is also a relatively deep endoskarn characterized by massive garnet crystals. Rhythmic banded crystallization of sporadic nodular-shaped sphalerite, quartz, and calcite developed along with the marble–schist skarn contact. Two-phase liquid-rich (L + V) fluid inclusions were observed in garnet, epidote, quartz, calcite, and sphalerite mineral assemblages. The average homogenization temperatures and calculated salinities in all stages of mineralization range from 155 to 600 °C and 0.53 to 23.1 wt.% NaCl equ., respectively. The eutectic temperatures also range from ?66.2 to ?21.2 °C, implying that the early stages were dominated by fluids that reflect an H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 system and become an H2O-NaCl system in the later stage. The continuous evolution history of the fluids reveals a gradual change from early high-temperature-salinity magmatic fluids to late relatively low-temperature-salinity mixed magmatic fluids due to interaction with meteoric-derived fluids. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Evaluation of Trace Elements in Groundwater of Nigde Municipality, South-Central Turkey: Implications for Arsenic Contamination and Human Health Risks Assessment(Springer, 2021) Cciner, Fehiman; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Senbas, Burak AnilThis study was conducted to determine the concentrations of trace elements, their sources, and human health risks associated with arsenic contamination in groundwater of the Nigde Municipality, south-central Turkey. Fourteen groundwater samples were collected from groundwater supply sources fed by the Nigde water distribution system and were analysed for Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Ba concentrations. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied to decipher the source and interrelationships among trace elements in groundwater. The groundwater is mainly tapped from Quaternary alluvial and volcanic aquifers of the Nigde Massif. The pH of groundwater is slightly acidic to neutral, which controls the solubility and mobility of the trace elements. The mean concentrations of the trace elements vary in the order Zn > Fe > Ba > As > Cr > Ni > Se > Cu > Co > Mn > Al. All of the trace element concentrations comply with the maximum permissible values provided by the Turkish Standards Institution and the World Health Organization, except Zn, Cr, and As. However, approximately 7.14% of the studied samples are contaminated with Zn and Cr, whereas 86% are contaminated with As. The As concentrations range from 9.47 to 32.9 mu g/L with an average value of 16.8 mu g/L. Contamination assessment indicates that the As contamination is dominant in the southern and southwestern parts of the area. The primary source of As in groundwater is attributed to geogenic processes involving weathering and dissolution of bed rocks and other factors, such as pH conditions, adsorption, and surface complexation. Three bimetallic complex associations are distinguished in groundwater: Fe-coordination group, As-coordination group and Ba-coordination group, all showing strong positive correlation with Cu and Ni. The As-coordination group is the most dominant in groundwater, which resulted in the high As content of groundwater. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate that As mobilization in groundwater is associated with pH, EC, Ni, Cu, and Ba depending on the redox conditions of the aquifer, controlled mainly by geogenic processes. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic affecting children and adults reaches 2 x 10(-4)and 3 x 10(-4), respectively, exceeding the guideline value of 1 x 10(-4). The estimated hazard quotient for children is in the range of 1.79-6.21, whereas that of adults is 0.77-2.66, indicating that children in the municipality are more exposed to the noncarcinogenic effects of the consumption of high groundwater arsenic.Öğe Geochemical evolution and tracing of groundwater salinization using different ionic ratios, multivariate statistical and geochemical modeling approaches in a typical semi-arid basin(Elsevier, 2021) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Abu, Mahamuda; Zango, Musah SaeedThe vulnerability of semi-arid basin aquifers to long-term salinization due to the dissolution of groundwater chemical constituents is a major global problem. Despite this, resilient techniques of tracing the sources of groundwater salinization in semi-arid basin aquifers are still evolving due to the aquifer complexities. This study proves the effectiveness of the use of different ionic ratios, multivariate statistical, and geochemical modeling approaches to understand groundwater evolution and trace salinization in the semi-arid Pru Basin of Ghana. The basin is homogeneously composed of argillaceous sediments of the Oti/Pendjari Group of the Voltaian Supergroup. A total of 81 samples from hand-dug wells and boreholes within the Pru Formation of the Oti/Pendjari Group in the basin were collected for this study. Quantitative analysis of the data shows that the abundance of major ions follows the order: Na+ -> Ca2+ -> Mg2+ -> K+ and Cl- -> HCO3 -> SO42-. The groundwater evolved from Na-HCO3, Na-HCO3-Cl, Na-Ca-HCO3 to Na-Mg-HCO3 water types in a decreasing order of abundance. Calculated meteoric genesis index (r2) indicates the dominance of deep meteoric water percolation effects on groundwater chemistry. Groundwater chemistry is principally controlled by water-rock interaction, ion exchange reactions, weathering (carbonate and silicate), salinization, and anthropogenic activities. Different ionic ratio plots and spatial distribution maps reveal the prevalence of salinization in the aquifer system, especially around the southwestern part of the basin. Revelle index assessment of the groundwater salinization level indicates that about 19.8% of the groundwater samples with RI values >0.5 is influenced by salinization. The groundwater salinization results from saline water intrusion from adjacent aquifers, mixing effects, ion exchange reactions, water-rock interaction, and anthropogenic activities. The geochemical modeling involving thermodynamic calculation of mineral saturation indices in PHREEQC indicates that groundwater is largely saturated with respect to majority of the carbonate and silicate mineral phases.Öğe Geochemistry and petrography of beach sands along the western coast of Ghana: implications for provenance and tectonic settings(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Abu, Mahamuda; Sunkari, Emmanuel DaanobaThe paleoweathering, provenance, and tectonic setting of sediments of the western coast of Ghana were unraveled using the geochemistry of 29 beach sands, which are characterized by coarse-, medium-, and fine-grained sizes. The coarse-grained beach sands contain higher SiO2 content (2.9-96 wt.%) than the medium-grained (4.9-94 wt.%) and fine-grained (16.1-90.7 wt.%) sands, implying that the increase in grain size is related to the increase in SiO2 content. Al2O3 and CaO concentrations are higher in the fine- and medium-grained sands than the coarse-grained sands. The beach sands are compositionally immature based on the index of compositional variable values (1.17-141) and Th/Sc versus Zr/Sc diagram although they have high SiO2/Al2O3 values. The high SiO2/Al2O3 is not indicative of the weathering conditions of the coastal sediments in the area. The sands are chemically unaltered clastic materials of first cycle regime that still have their labile minerals retained in them very close to the sediment source based on the chemical index of alteration values, plagioclase index of alteration values, and A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM ternary diagrams. The total rare earth elements (Sigma REE) content increases with decreasing grain size. However, there are some discrepancies where some coarsegrained samples have high Sigma REE content. This suggests that apart from the grain size, the provenance of the sediments has direct control over their geochemical composition. The correlation of the rare earth elements patterns of the beach sands with those of adjacent source rocks points to felsic sources for their derivation. The felsic (granodioritic composition) igneous suites of the Paleoproterozoic Birimian highland rocks adjacent to the beach sediments in the western coast are possibly the source rocks of the beach sands. Rifting in the continents is the tectonic regime probably during the Paleoproterozoic times responsible for deposition of the beach sands in the western coast of Ghana.Öğe Geochemistry, risk assessment, and Pb isotopic evidence for sources of heavy metals in stream sediments around the Ulukisla Basin, Nigde, southern Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Lermi, Abdurrahman; Sunkari, Emmanuel DaanobaConcentrations of selected elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Mo, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Sb, and Zn) and Pb isotope ratios were determined in 53 sediments from Alihoca, Gumus, Horoz, and calut streams around the south-central Taurides (Ululusla Basin), Nigde, which is a known mining province in Turkey. Several pollution and risk assessment indices were used to assess possible heavy metal pollution in the stream sediments and the associated potential ecological risks. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Sb, and Zn were elevated in the streams located near ancient mines, active mines, and slag piles in the area, suggesting an influence from mining activities. The pollution assessment indices indicated that the sediments were significantly polluted by As, Cd, Sb, Zn, and Pb and moderately polluted by Cu, Ni, Cr, and Co. The sediments show very high potential ecological risk with As, Cd, Sb, and Pb as the principal contributors. Ni, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, and Cd exceeded the probable effect concentrations in most of the samples implying that their concentrations may frequently affect sediment-dwelling organisms. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate that the accumulation of heavy metals in the stream sediments is due to an interplay of anthropogenic activities (mining and agrochemical application) and geogenic processes (weathering of bedrocks and supergene alteration of base metal-rich mineralization). Pb isotopic tracing indicates that total Pb in the sediments (Pb-206/Pb-207 = 1.09-1.29) is primarily from weathering and dissolution of ultrapotassic rocks (Pb-206/Pb-207 up to 1.20) and galena (Pb-206/Pb-207 up to 1.21) from the Pb-Zn-Au deposits in the area with some anthropogenic input from mine slag piles (Pb-206/Pb-207 = 1.10).Öğe Groundwater fluoride contamination in Ghana and the associated human health risks: Any sustainable mitigation measures to curtail the long term hazards?(Elsevier, 2022) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Adams, Salaam Jansbaka; Okyere, Moses Boakye; Bhattacharya, ProsunThis study reviewed groundwater fluoride and the associated human health risks in Ghana. The physical and chemical properties of fluorine that make it soluble in the soil and aquifer materials were carefully reviewed. The pathways through which fluoride gets into groundwater were also reviewed. Fluoride concentrations in groundwater can be as high as 67 mg/L. Its natural concentration in water depends largely on the nature of the geologic formations; fluoride-bearing minerals, anion exchange capacity of aquifer materials (OH- for F-), pH, temperature and residence time of waters within a particular formation. High F- concentrations in groundwater are due to geogenic and anthropogenic sources. The fluorosis endemic parts of Ghana are only restricted to northern Ghana, where elevated groundwater fluoride concentrations (0.05-13.29 mg/L) in the North East Region, Northern Region, Upper East Region, and surrounding communities have been reported. The elevated groundwater fluoride concentrations are as a result of intense water-rock interaction, ion exchange reactions, and mineral dissolution from the Bongo Granitoids and Voltaian sediments. Children in the fluorosis endemic parts of Ghana are exposed to the intake of more fluoridated water than the other age groups and thus, children have higher non-carcinogenic risks. Although, almost all the age groups show evidence of dental fluorosis, children are the hypersensitive population. It is recommended that sustainable defluoridation methods such as adsorption, precipitation, membrane separation and ion exchange techniques be employed to curtail the menace of dental fluorosis.Öğe Groundwater recharge estimation and potential recharge mapping in the Afram Plains of Ghana using SWAT and remote sensing techniques(Elsevier, 2022) Dekongmen, Benjamin Wullobayi; Anornu, Geophrey Kwame; Kabo-Bah, Amos Tiereyangn; Larbi, Isaac; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Dile, Yihun Taddele; Agyare, AsanteThe Afram Plains watershed is one of the major watersheds located at the lower part of the Volta Basin in Ghana with high groundwater usage. Dependency on groundwater is a fast-growing concern in the plains due to the unreliable supply of surface water. This has put the groundwater resources under intense pressure and has necessitated the need for sustainable management of the groundwater resources. This study aimed to estimate the recharge, spatial distribution, and potential recharge zones of groundwater at different scales in the Afram Plains area using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Geography Information System (GIS) approach. The SWAT model was set up (1983-2016), calibrated (1983-1990) and validated (1991-1997) using digital elevation model, soil, land use, climate datasets, and discharge data. The GIS approach was used to produce thematic maps for eight contributing factors; rainfall, elevation, land cover land use, lineaments, drainage, geology, soil and slope for mapping the recharge zones. The results showed that about 1.65% (19.3 mm) of the SWAT simulated mean annual rainfall (1176.9 mm) is converted into groundwater recharge in the watershed. The potential recharge zones categorized as very poor, poor, moderate and high zones have area coverages of 0.58% (20.8 km(2)), 22.4% (798 km(2)), 60.9% (2169 km(2)), and 16.2% (576 km(2)), respectively. The potential recharge zones after validation over boreholes and wells data indicated that the Afram Plains area is dominated by the moderate potential zone.Öğe Hydrochemistry with special reference to fluoride contamination in groundwater of the Bongo district, Upper East Region, Ghana(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2019) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Abu, MahamudaThis study was conducted to understand the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Bongo district and unravel the source of fluoride in the groundwater using an integrated hydrochemical analysis and multivariate geostatistical analysis. A total of thirty (30) borehole water samples were collected in various communities in the district during the dry season. The district is dominated by Upper Birimian (Paleoproterozoic) metavolcanics and granitoids known as the Bongo granitoids. Hydrochemical facies identified in the area include Ca-Na-HCO3 (70%) and Ca-Mg-HCO3 (30%) water types. The Ca-Na-HCO3 water types are hosted in fractured bedrocks of the Upper Birimian metavolcanics and the K-feldspar rich Bongo granitoids, whereas the Ca-Mg-HCO3 water types are within the Upper Birimian volcanic/metavolcanic sequences. All the hydrochemical parameters show acceptable concentrations for drinking purposes except fluoride (1.71-4.0 mg/L). The high fluoride concentrations in the groundwater are largely due to intense dissolution of the Bongo granitoids, which contain biotite and muscovite as the dominant fluoride-bearing minerals. The pH, Ca2+, SO42-, HCO3- and CO32- concentrations have weak positive correlations with F- concentrations of the groundwater implying some dependent relationship and different source for the fluoride. Principal component analysis performed on the hydrochemical data resulted in three principal components (PCs), which explain 76.251% of the total variance. The three PCs represent the dominant processes influencing the groundwater chemistry, which include water-rock interaction, mineral dissolution, and ion exchange reactions, respectively, with water-rock interaction as the most dominant process. However, anthropogenic sources such as the use of phosphate fertilizers cannot be precluded from contributing to the groundwater fluoride contamination.Öğe Hydrogeochemical and isotopic controls on the source of fluoride in groundwater within the Vea catchment, northeastern Ghana(Elsevier, 2021) Zango, Musah Saeed; Pelig-Ba, Kenneth Bayetimani; Anim-Gyampo, Maxwell; Gibrilla, Abass; Sunkari, Emmanuel DaanobaGroundwater consumption is considered as a major exposure route to fluoride in humans. Therefore, this study unraveled the sources and sinks of groundwater fluoride in the Vea catchment of northeastern Ghana using an integration of litho-petrography, hydrogeochemical analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, and stable isotope analysis. In this regard, 70 groundwater samples were collected from boreholes and analyzed for major ions and stable isotopes using standard procedures whilst 10 rock samples were collected from the crystalline basement rocks of the Birimian Supergroup and used for the petrographic studies. The petrographic results revealed the dominance of quartz, microcline, plagioclase (albite), biotite, muscovite and hornblende in the lithological units. The order of dominance of fluoride in the various lithologies is K-feldspar-rich granitoid > hornblende-biotite granitoid > basaltic flow > hornblende-biotite tonalite > hornblende biotite granodiorite > biotite granitoid. The groundwater fluoride concentrations varied from 0.35 to 3.95 mg/L with a mean concentration of 1.68 mg/L. Almost 61% of the samples have fluoride concentrations above the World Health Organization's maximum permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L. Groundwater is supersaturated with respect to albite due to silicate weathering and undersaturated with respect to fluorite and calcite. This enhanced ion exchange and fluoride mobilization in the groundwater from progressive calcite precipitation. The fluoride concentrations show positive correlations with Na+, Mg2+, HCO3-, and SO42-, confirming that fluoride enrichment is due to silicate weathering and ion exchange reactions. The delta O-18 and delta H-2 values with respect to V-SMOW vary between -4.15 and -2.75 parts per thousand and -22.49 and -13.74 parts per thousand, respectively suggesting considerable isotopic variation of the groundwater. Enriched isotopic composition is observed with low fluoride concentration whilst depleted isotopic composition is observed with a higher concentration of fluoride in groundwater. The stable isotopic compositions of the groundwater also indicated meteoric origin with an evaporative effect, which partly influences the groundwater chemistry.Öğe Hydrogeochemical characteristics, sources and human health risk assessment of heavy metal dispersion in the mine pit water-surface water-groundwater system in the largest manganese mine in Ghana(Elsevier, 2022) Ewusi, Anthony; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Seidu, Jamel; Coffie-Anum, EmmanuelThis study was conducted to appraise the hydrogeochemical characteristics and sources of heavy metals and the probable human health risks associated with the consumption of water contaminated with heavy metals in the mine pit water-surface water-groundwater system in the Nsuta manganese mining area in western Ghana. Therefore, a total of 29 samples were collected for hydrochemical analysis and the hydrochemical data was interpreted using multivariate statistical analysis. The results indicate that the pH of water in the mine pit water-surface water-groundwater system is slightly acidic to alkaline in nature. The groundwater evolved from Ca-Mg-SO4, Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4, Ca-Mg-Na-Cl to Ca-Na-Cl-HCO3 water type with other mixed types, reflecting intense water-rock interaction and dissolution of rocks belonging to the Banded Manganese Formation and the Birimian metasediments in the area. The water is supersaturated with respect to goethite and hematite, pointing to precipitation and dissolution of these minerals. The Water Hazard Index values range from 0.20 to 30.5, implying minimal to extreme toxicity of the water. The mine pit water shows very high Fe, Mn, Ni, As and Sb concentrations, which resulted in hydromorphic dispersion of the heavy metals to the surface water and groundwater. The computed Hazard Index values show higher values (>1) in the surface water and mine pit water, and the carcinogenic risk is low in the groundwater, high in the surface water and extremely high in the mine pit water. Therefore, appropriate control and remedial measures should be urgently put in place to safeguard the health of the people. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Hydrogeochemical characterization and assessment of groundwater quality in the Kwahu-Bombouaka Group of the Voltaian Supergroup, Ghana(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Abu, Mahamuda; Zango, Musah Saeed; Wani, Alex Modi LomoroThe Kwahu-Bombouaka Group of the Voltaian Basin, which defines the northern fringe of the basin, constitutes a significant part of the North East Region of Ghana. Most of the inhabitants in the region depend on groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes. Therefore, a geochemical characterization and assessment of groundwater quality in the area was carried out using hydrochemical, GIS-based ordinary kriging interpolation and multivariate statistical methods on fifty-five (55) borehole water samples. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations and spatial distribution of various ions, groundwater quality issues and the geochemical processes contributing to groundwater chemistry. The area is largely underlain by sandy shales and mudstones of the Poubogou Formation and feldspathic, quartzitic sandstones with conglomeratic lenses of the Panabako Formation. The abundance of major cations in the groundwater is in the order: Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+ whereas that of the major anions vary in the order: HCO3- > SO42- > Cl-. Na-HCO3 water type is common in the area, which may be due to dissolution from silicate minerals (albite and microcline) in the basement rocks. The results indicate that fluoride (0.01-8.40 mg/L, mean of 0.58 mg/L) and boron (0.01-4.81 mg/L, mean of 0.28 mg/L) contamination is a threat to groundwater quality with respect to their guideline values provided by the World Health Organization. The groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by ion exchange reactions, weathering of silicate minerals residing in the Panabako Formation and anthropogenic activities from agriculture. Groundwater in the area is largely suitable for drinking purposes although some few boreholes in the northwestern and southeastern parts have high fluoride and boron concentrations. The sodium percentage (11-99%, mean of 70%), magnesium ratios (2.05-57, mean of 29) and sodium adsorption ratio (0.15-38, mean of 4.72) are quite high in some of the communities in the southeastern part of the area. This suggests that water in this part of the area is not entirely suitable for irrigationÖğe Hydrogeochemical controls and human health risk assessment of groundwater fluoride and boron in the semi-arid North East region of Ghana(Elsevier, 2019) Zango, Musah Saeed; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Abu Mahamuda; Lermi, AbdurrahmanIn this study, eighty-eight (88) samples were collected from active boreholes in the North East region of Ghana and analyzed for concentrations of the hydrogeochemical parameters. This helped in understanding the hydrogeochemistry, spatial distribution, origin of groundwater F- and B and the level to which the underlying geology influences the F- and B. Human health risks of F- and B were also assessed based on the model of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Groundwater is alkaline in this area and the dominant hydrochemical facies is Na-HCO3 facies, which is a reflection of the predominant carbonate lithology of the Oti/Pendjari Group in the region. The study reveals that the F- concentrations range from 0.05 to 13.29 mg/L with an average value of 3.26 mg/L, suggesting that majority of the boreholes have F- concentrations higher than the acceptable limit (1.5 mg/L) of WHO. The B concentrations also vary from 0.03 to 5.13 mg/L with an average of 1.52 mg/L in excess of the guideline value of 0.5 mg/L. The groundwater F- and B threats, respectively affect about 70% and 82% of boreholes in the region particularly around the northeastern, southeastern, central, and western parts. F- and B are mainly coming from geogenic sources and are controlled by hydrogeochemical factors such as semi-arid climatic conditions of the region, alkaline nature of the water, water-rock interaction, intense weathering, ion exchange, mineral dissolution and precipitation. The human health risk assessment reveals that non-carcinogenic risk for F- and B is higher in children than the adult population. About 89% of children in the study area are exposed to initial symptoms of dental and skeletal fluorosis and have higher chances of cardio-protection since no health threat is currently reported for high B in drinking water. We recommend immediate action towards mitigating the high groundwater F- to safeguard the health and livelihood of the people.Öğe Hydrogeochemical evolution and assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Gushegu Municipality and some parts of East Mamprusi District, Ghana(Springer, 2023) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Abangba, Timothy; Ewusi, Anthony; Tetteh, Samuel Edem Kodzo; Ofosu, EnochThe Gushegu Municipality and the East Mamprusi District in Ghana are dominated by the Oti/Pendjari Group within the Voltaian Supergroup. The major rock types found in the area are quartzites, siltstones, conglomerates, and shales with minor occurrences of tillites, silexites, limestones, and barite-rich dolomites. The inhabitants of the area are mainly peasant farmers, and their activities might be influencing the groundwater chemistry, but little is known about the quality of the groundwater. Therefore, this study evaluated the suitability of groundwater resources in the Gushegu Municipality, and some parts of the East Mamprusi District in Ghana for domestic and irrigation uses, employing hydrogeochemical graphing, geochemical modelling, multivariate statistical analysis, and computation of water quality indices. Sodium (Na+), with concentrations ranging from 4.93 to 323 mg/L and a mean of 169 mg/L, is found to be the major cation in the groundwater, while bicarbonate (HCO3-), with concentrations ranging from 19.9 to 685 mg/L and a mean of 397 mg/L, is the major anion in the area. The dominant hydrochemical facies is the Na-HCO3 type, accounting for about 72.7% of the study area's groundwater and is influenced by silicate weathering, carbonate mineral dissolution, and ion exchange reactions. Other factors accounting for this dominance may be anthropogenic activities, including the dissolution and leaching of fertilizers from farmlands. Overall, this study reveals that the groundwater in the area is suitable for drinking based on the WQI classification. There are localized contaminations with respect to B and F-, making the water in those areas unsuitable for drinking. Also, the groundwater in the area is unsuitable for irrigation purposes due to the high Na% values (43 to 99% with a mean of 86%), magnesium hazard values (1 to 312 with a mean of 88), and sodium adsorption ratio (0.57 to 42.4 with a mean of 12.7). All these indices exceed their respective standards for irrigation purposes.Öğe Hydrogeochemical evolution and assessment of groundwater quality in the Togo and Dahomeyan aquifers, Greater Accra Region, Ghana(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Seidu, Jamel; Ewusi, AnthonyGroundwater quality is generally better than surface water quality but this is not sacrosanct because during recharge and abstraction, groundwater may be subjected to variations due to influence from natural and anthropogenic processes. The Togo and Dahomeyan aquifers are threatened by several anthropogenic activities like dumping of domestic and industrial wastes in open landfill sites. These activities can be sources of groundwater constituents and can pose adverse health effects on humans and the ecosystem but little is known about the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its quality in the area. Therefore, the present study is aimed at unravelling the hydrogeochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater in the Togo and Dahomeyan aquifers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A total of 37 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for the concentrations of major ions, minor ions, and trace elements. The results were used to compute water quality parameters like electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, and magnesium ratio to assess the quality of the water for irrigation purposes. Groundwater shows acidic to slightly alkaline pH and evolved from Mg-Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3, Na-Ca-Mg-HCO3-Cl to Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3 with other mixed water types, which reflect the local geology. Geochemical modelling indicates that groundwater is supersaturated with respect to goethite and hematite and saturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, and dolomite in some samples. Hydrochemical graphing and multivariate statistical analysis indicate that the chemistry of groundwater in the area is primarily controlled by an interplay of chemical weathering, mineral dissolution, ion exchange reactions, agricultural activities, and sewage disposal. The groundwater is not entirely suitable for drinking purposes because of high concentrations of EC, TDS, Na+ Cl-, F-, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Ni, which exceed their maximum permissible limits provided by the World Health Organization. The computed parameters for assessing the quality of the water for irrigation reveal that 64.9% of the samples are suitable for irrigation purposes. However, 35.1% of the samples show very high salinity and sodium hazard and thus, are unsuitable for irrigation purposes. Therefore, it is recommended that mixing of the high salinity and sodium water with low salinity and sodium water can improve crop yields.Öğe Paleocurrent analysis, petrographic, geochemical and statistical appraisal of Neoproterozoic siliciclastic sediments, NE Voltaian Basin, Ghana: a multidisciplinary approach to paleogeographic reconstruction(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Abu, Mahamuda; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Gurel, AliThis study used sedimentary structures, facies analysis, petrographic studies, statistical techniques and geochemical data of the Bombouaka/Gambaga Group of the NE Voltaian Basin, Ghana to decipher the source of the sediments. Field measurements covered the Tossiegou, Poubogou, and Panabako Formations of the Bombouaka/Gambaga Group. The influence of hydraulic sorting was interpreted from the effects of highly resistant heavy minerals (identified in the petrographic studies) from polycyclic sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the geochemical data to understand element associations. Two broad facies types were identified; lithofacies and ichnofacies. The lithofacies were observed as (a) asymmetric ripple marks on sandstones, (b) parallel lamination on silty/argillaceous sediments, (c) straight-crested and bifurcated ripples on shales, (d) flute casts and climbing ripples on sandy shales, (e) bipolar herringbone cross-bedding on quartz-rich sandstones, and (f) wavy lamination and cross-bedding on feldspathic sandstones. However, the ichnofacies include onlySkolithoson quartzitic sandstones. The structural analyses suggest that about 85% of the paleocurrents were from NE to SW direction with subordinate directions from WNW to ESE. Based on the predominant paleocurrent directions, the sediments were probably derived from the basement Birimian rocks (metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks with associated granitoids), previously paleogeographically located in the Amazonian Craton but now eroded, transported and transformed into the Birimian Supergroup from which the Voltaian sediments were derived. The PCA points to similar sources of granitoids and metasedimentary rocks. Therefore, the geochemical results and the PCA interpretations support the paleocurrent structures-inferred sources of the sediments in the NE Voltaian Basin.Öğe Petrography and structural features of the Precambrian basement rocks in the Benin-Nigerian Shield, NW Nigeria: Implications for their correlation with South Atlantic Precambrian terranes(Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2022) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Kore, Basiru Mohammed; Tetteh, Samuel Edem KodzoThis study investigated the petrographic and structural features of the Precambrian (Neoproterozoic) basement rocks of the Benin-Nigerian Shield that crop out in northwestern Nigeria within Kanoma and its environs to give an insight into the evolution and deformational episodes that pervaded them. The major rock types in the area are schists and quartzites, which have been intruded by granitic rocks that appear to be metamorphosed. The origin of these rocks is attributed to the Eburnean Precambrian orogenic episode and the Pan-African orogeny, which started and ended with the intrusion of the granite suites. The dominant mineralogy associated with the rock types includes quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, microcline, biotite, chlorite, and very few accessory minerals. The schist shows the dominance of quartz, feldspars (alkali and plagioclase), biotite, muscovite, chlorite, and opaque minerals. The quartzite is typically dominated by quartz that appears recrystallized in places, whereas the meta-granite contains quartz, feldspars (alkali and plagioclase), biotite, and opaque minerals. Structural features such as joints, quartz veins with minor folds, and faults observed in the lithological units have a predominant N-S trend and are the imprints of the last tectonic event (Pan-African orogeny). The level of deformation in Kanoma led to the development of N to NNE trending moderately (S1) to steeply (S2) dipping foliations in the schist. The evolution of these deformational mechanisms from moderately dipping foliations to steeply dipping foliations along the N to NNE -trend is associated with late orogenic uplift and exhumation following oblique convergence during the Pan-African orogeny. Structural overprinting relations recognized within Kanoma and its environs allow us to decipher the geologic structures into three successive Pan-African deformational events (D1-D3). D1 fabrics are manifested by simple anticline micro folds in the schist. The D2 structures are the predominant ones in the area comprising the N-S directional joints and faults. The D3 phase of deformation is a progressive one, which started as N-S high angle thrusts and thrust-related folds that resulted from the NE-SW contraction during the orogenic episodes. The studied rocks can be correlated with the Pan-African and Brasiliano belts based on their overlapping features.
