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    Apprehending the potential of BABY BOOM transcription factors to mitigate cotton regeneration and transformation
    (Springernature, 2020) Yavuz, Caner; Tillaboeva, Shakhnozakhan; Bakhsh, Allah
    Since the advent of transgenic technology, the incorporation of gene(s) encoding traits of economic importance in cotton is being practiced worldwide. However, factors like recalcitrant nature of cotton cultivars, in vitro regeneration via tissue culture (especially via somatic embryogenesis), genotype dependency, long and toilsome protocols impede the pace of development of transgenic cotton. Besides that, types and age of explants, media composition, plant growth regulators and other environmental factors affect in vitro cotton regeneration significantly. The studies of genetic control of in vitro regeneration in plants have elucidated the role of certain transcription factor genes that are induced and expressed during somatic embryogenesis. Among these transcription factors, BABY BOOM (BBM) plays a very important role in signal transduction pathway, leading to cell differentiation and somatic embryos formation. The role of BBM has been established in plant cell proliferation, growth and development even without exogenous growth regulators. This review intends to provide an informative summary of regeneration and transformation problems in cotton and the latest developments in utilization of BBM transcription factors in cotton. We believe that the use of BBM will not only ease cotton genetic improvement but will also accelerate cotton breeding programmes.
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    Genetic engineering of ion transporters for osmotic stress tolerance
    (Elsevier, 2021) Hossain, Md. Jakir; Tillaboeva, Shakhnozakhan; Sırel, Irem Aycan; Kaya, Rabia Busenaz; Dönmez, Betül Ayça; Aasim, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah
    Osmotic stress remains inclusive, injuring living organisms including fungal species, bacteria, and higher plants, and is imposed by various environmental factors including drought, high salinity, and freezing. It can halt physical growth, cellular metabolism, and plants’ survival associated with special economic damages. Modulation of gene expression facilitates the plant’s response to stress leading to cellular homeostasis restoration, toxin detoxification, and growth recovery. These adaptation mediated signal transduction pathways could be disrupted by a combination of forward and reverse genetic approaches with physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies. The formation of plant osmotic adjustment is gained by elevated accumulation of K+, Na+, and Cl- (inorganic osmolytes) either by improved uptake or by controlling ion fluxes across the cellular membranes. For osmotic adjustment, organic osmolytes are likely to play a significant role that comprises the osmoprotectant of principal membrane transport proteins and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Ion transporters are referred to as transmembrane proteins that govern ions’ conduction through a biological membrane against their concentration gradient through the active type of transport. The development of transgenic species with desired membrane transport proteins (e.g., ion transporters) can be a unique choice to develop transgenic plants to combat osmotic stress. This chapter will recapitulate data related to ion transporters and their possible utilization through the genetic engineering approaches to develop osmotic stress-resistant crops against unexpected and abrupt physiological arrests. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.