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    In vitro screening of octoploid Fragaria chiloensis and ragaria virginiana genotypes against iron deficiency
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2014) Torun, Ayfer Alkan; Kacar, Yildiz Aka; Bicen, Belgin; Erdem, Nazife; Serce, Sedat
    Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the common problems in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) growing regions. In vitro screening enables researchers to evaluate genotype performance under several concentrations of Fe in a relatively fast and economical way. Therefore, we evaluated the responses of several genotypes belonging to octoploid Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. and Fragaria virginiana Mill. (the progenitors of cultivated strawberry) against Fe treatments under in vitro conditions. In the first experiment, HM 1, Pigeon Point, CFRA1267 (F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica), and CA1541 (F. chiloensis subsp. chiloensis) were tested with various Fe concentrations (0%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 65%, 80%, and 100%, where 100% = 27.8 mg L-1 FeSO4.7H(2)O). Different Fe concentration treatments resulted in differences in plant height, fresh and dry weight, as well as macro- and microelement concentrations among the tested genotypes. In the second experiment, 16 octoploid Fragaria genotypes were tested with 4 Fe concentration treatments (0%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, where 100% = 27.8 mg L-1 FeSO4.7H(2)O). Iron concentration and genotype interactions were significant for all studied characteristics except sulfur (S) and manganese (Mn) concentrations, and the 16 genotypes responded differentially to varying Fe treatments. The results of these experiments indicated that F. chiloensis and F. virginiana genotypes exhibited considerable variation under different Fe treatments in vitro, and the more resistant genotypes could be utilized to develop new strawberry cultivars with tolerance to low Fe concentrations.
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    Screening of Wild Strawberry Genotypes against Iron Deficiency under Greenhouse Conditions
    (UNIV AGR SCI & VETERINARY MED CLUJ-NAPOCA, 2013) Torun, Ayfer Alkan; Erdem, Nazife; Aka Kacar, Yildiz; Serce, Sedar
    The cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa Duch. is the natural hybrid of F chiloensis (L.) Mill. and F. virginiana Mill. The progenitor species have high genetic diversity compared with the cultivated genotypes; therefore, the use of wild relative in F. chiloensis breeding could provide a good for broadening the available genetic variations of cultivated species. In present study, 13 genotypes selected from strawberry super core collection were tested under Fe (-) and Fe (+) conditions for their response against Fe deficiency conditions in a growth medium (GM) (soil + sand + perlite), potentially able to simulate the actual GM in nature. SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels of the leaf, shoot dry matter yield, Fe-efficiency rate, shoot total and active Fe concentrations were determined to evaluate the resistance levels of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. Results of this study indicated that different response for strawberry subspecies and genotypes of the same subspecies grown in GM against Fe deficiency. Symptom for Fe deficiency of genotypes varied between 1-5, SPAD-meter readings 3, shoot dry matter yields and shoot Fe concentrations varied between 6.5-38, 1.02-6.06 g plant(-1) and 41.8-233.1 mg kg(-1) respectively. Iron-efficiencies of genotypes were found between 58-98%. Strawberry subspecies, E virginiana spp. glauca, F. chiloensis ssp. chiloensis and F. chiloensis ssp. pacifica showed Fe-efficiency values of 93 8, 79.5 and 79.1% respectively. We concluded that shoot growth performance, Fe intake from GM, transfer of Fe from roots to shoots, shoot Fe-use efficiency, Fe deficiency symptom levels and SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels were significant parameters to evaluate the resistance of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. The most Fe-efficient genotypes belonging to F. virginiana spp.glauca could be used in breeding programs aiming at developing new strawberry genotypes suitable for growing under Fe deficient conditions.