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    Evaluation of Color Stability of Experimental Dental Composite Resins Prepared from Bis-EFMA, A Novel Monomer System
    (Technical Assoc Photopolymers,Japan, 2021) Hatipoglu, Omer; Turumtay, Emine Akyuz; Saygin, Aysegul Goze; Hatipoglu, Fatma Pertek
    Color stabilities of experimental composite resins based on Bis-EFMA (a novel bisphenol A [BPA]-free monomer system) with 3M ESPE FiltekTM Z250 (FZ) and experimental composite resins based on bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) were compared. Bis-EFMA was synthesized via the reaction between 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl isocyanate. Experimental Bis-EFMA-, Bis-GMA-, and UMDA-based composites were prepared (20% of each of Bis-EFMA, Bis-GMA, UDMA, or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 60% glass filler). Eighty composite resin materials were produced (n=5). The initial color values of composites on the first day, first week, and after the first month after immersion into black tea, coffee, cola, and water solutions were measured using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade (R) V; Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) against a white background. UDMA- and Bis-EFMA-based composite resins exhibited significantly less Delta E and Delta L compared to Bis-GMA based composite resins (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between FZ and other composites (p > 0.05). Tea and coffee caused significant changes in total color, light value, red-green, and blue-green coordinate values changes (Delta E, Delta L, Delta a, and Delta b, respectively) compared to water and cola (p < 0.05). At one month compared to one week and one day, Delta E, Delta L, Delta a, and Delta b were significantly different (p < 0.05). Bis-EFMA has the potential to be used in commercial dental composites as a substitute for Bis-GMA in terms of better color stability.
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    Evaluation of monomer elution, microhardness, and roughness of experimental dental composite resins prepared from Bis-EFMA, a novel monomer system
    (Wiley, 2022) Hatipoglu, Omer; Turumtay, Emine Akyuz; Saygin, Aysegul Goze
    This study aimed to compare the monomer elution, microhardness, and roughness of experimental resin-based composites (RBCs) prepared from a novel monomer system derived from 9,9-Bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene) (Bis-EFMA), bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) with each other, also with a commercial RBC, 3 M ESPE FiltekTM Z250 (FZ). Experimental Bis-EFMA (ET), Bis-GMA (BT), and UDMA (UT) based composites were prepared (20% Bis-EFMA or 20% Bis-GMA or 20% UDMA, and 20% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [TEGDMA], and 60% glass filler). 60 specimens were produced (n = 5) and exposed to ethanol solution for 7 days. Then specimens were tested at baseline (T0), first (T1), third (T2), and seventh (T3) days. ET and FZ released significantly lower TEGDMA than other RBCs did (p < 0.05). BT released significantly higher TEGDMA than other RBCs did at T1 (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between FZ and ET at T1 (p > 0.05). FZ exhibited the highest microhardness at all-time points; besides, the microhardness of BT was lowest at T0, while the microhardness of BT and UT was lower than that of FZ and ET at T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.05). BT exhibited higher roughness at T2 than the UT did at T0 and T1, significantly (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the other RBCs (p > 0.05). Bis-EFMA, a novel bisphenol A-free monomer system, has the potential to be used in commercial RBCs as a substitute for Bis-GMA in terms of lower monomer elution and higher microhardness.