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    IMPACTS OF SALT STRESS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS AND OPPORTUNITY TO REWATER THE STRESSED PLANTS WITH DILUTED WATER: A REVIEW
    (Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2019) Javed, Q.; Azeem, A.; Sun, J.; Ullah, I; Jabran, K.; Anandkumar, A.; Prabakaran, K.
    Water scarcity on a global scale declines the availability of fresh water for agricultural usage. This situation demands the urgent need of utilizing saline water as an alternative resource for irrigation. Stressful environments characterized by adverse natural conditions such as drought, salinity and heat impact the normal molecular, biochemical and physiological processes in crops. Plant stress responses to adverse environmental conditions are reviewed with emphasis on growth, physiological and electrophysiological mechanisms of plant tolerance. This review may also help in interdisciplinary studies to evaluate the photosynthetic threshold levels for rewatering of plant with diluted saline water. Furthermore, considering the goal of high plant production, the best rewatering time was found when plants undergo threshold levels. Therefore, this review provides a new method for dilution of saline irrigation based on plant physiology, which has a huge practical and theoretical importance for saline irrigation research.
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    THE ENHANCED TOLERANCE OF INVASIVE ALTERNANTHERA PHILOXEROIDES OVER NATIVE SPECIES UNDER SALT-STRESS IN CHINA
    (Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2019) Javed, Q.; Sun, J.; Azeem, A.; Ullah, I; Huang, P.; Kama, R.; Jabran, K.
    Effects of environmental stress (e.g. salt stress) on the plant invasions are still relatively unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the physiological characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. as an invasive plant and Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. as a native plant under single and mixed planting, in green house, Jiangsu University, China Plants were subjected to four different levels of salt stress treatments i.e., control, low (0.8%), medium (1.6%) and high (2.4%) that were made with equal proportion of NaCl and CaCl2 followed by rewatering. The results showed, that different levels of salt stress affect the plant growth of both species differently. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) for A. philoxeroides was higher from low to high stress of both single and mixed planting that of A. sessilis. Afterwards, during rewatering, the increments in Pn from low to high salt stress were also found higher in A. philoxeroides. In addition, the reduction in photosynthetic activity in A. sessilis under mixed planting during salt stress markedly affected the plant growth. After rewatering the comparative increments in plant growth parameter were also noted higher in A. philoxeroides than A. sessilis. Our results thus suggest that A. philoxeroides may possess a better adaptability to salt stress, which results in a successful competitive dominance.