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    Application of an artificial intelligence to the estimation of water quality parameters: Water quality of Nigde creek water, Turkey
    (ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2007) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Ucgun, Fatih; Unal, Bunyamin
    Artificial intelligence is used for the estimation of water quality parameters of Nigde creek in the central part of Turkey. Nigde creek basin contains the two largest region of Turkey which is Nigde city and Bor district. Moreover, it is the major agricultural area in the region as well as highly agricultural and industrialized. In this study, analyses have been conducted on water samples taken from five stations located along the Nigde creek. Hydro-chemical analyses have been conducted on the water samples, the results have been evaluated according to water quality parameters. The laboratory data with an artificial neural network computer program called clean water quality program-CWQP, which is designed according to water quality parameters, its place has been defined among the classifications of water quality. Quality parameters used have been prepared in compliance to the In-continent surface water classification as stated in the regulation of water pollution and checking for Turkey. Accordingly, water quality has been classified in four groups as Quality I, II, III and IV. Selection of appropriate input parameters to estimate another one is key to use ANN. This is essential to obtain maximum success with minimum error. The input parameters selected must be those which affect most the output one. In this study, therefore, water quality at five stations has been determined to be of Class IV water quality with CWQP. Furthermore, lead has stepped up as the most important polluter in the analyses, which has the negative effects on water quality in all stations and precautions are needed to be taken to protect Nigde creek. Results obtained from the CWQP have been discovered to be indifferent from the ones obtained through the classical methods, implying their availability for use comfortably in water pollution areas. This program has ensured rapid results and non-specialized study in determining the water quality.
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    Investigation of leakage at Ataturk dam and hydroelectric power plant by means of hydrometric measurements
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2007) Unal, Bunyamin; Eren, Mucahit; Yalcin, M. Gurhan
    Ataturk dam, with its 84.5 million m(3) fill volume and 169 m height above the foundation, is one of the largest dams in the 2 world. Its 1.2 million m grout curtain surface area is the largest constructed in the world to date. The Bozova fault crosses the dam axis in the left bank and extends towards the downstream valley. The grout curtain constructed in karstic limestone is 180 m deep in the thalweg and partially extends to 250-300 m depths in some local zones on both the right and left sides of the valley. In this study, we have investigated leakage at the Ataturk dam and hydroelectric power plant by means of hydrometric measurements. The hanging grout curtain indicates that leakage at Ataturk dam is of vital importance in defining the longevity of the dam. Hydrometric measurements, including discharge, temperature and electrical conductivity of springs and leakages, were carried out for 9 years periodically, in addition to monitoring performed before, during and after construction. The leakage increased as the reservoir water level rose seasonally but it was also discovered that this regular increase was not observed in the last three measurements. The decrease in leakage volume in the last three measurements proved the integrity of the grout curtain and the efficiency of the microsol grout works. Recent seepage levels are within design limits and therefore have no serious effect on the stability of the dam structures. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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    Multivariate statistical approach to identify heavy metal sources in urban roadside soils of Manisa, Turkey
    (ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2008) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Unal, Bunyamin
    The aim of this study was to investigate heavy metal pollution in roadside soils of Manisa, an important city located in the western part of Turkey. Soil samples were collected from roadsides of the city. Heavy metal concentrations were measured with Spectro-Xepos Benchtop X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer. Mean heavy metal concentrations (ppm) of the roadside soils in Manisa were as follows: Sb was 7.56, W 6.19, Ag 5.8, Mo 22.1, Co 28.37, V 94.0, Cu 136.57, As 26.95, Sn 19.99, Hg 1.71, Ni 64.67, Zn 126.19, Cd 4.05, Pb 47.97, Al 58730, Fe 34515, Mg 13841, Cl 350.76, Ti 3857.5, Cr 341.83 and Mn 704.3. Based on the chemical analyses, Ag, Cd, Fe, Al, Mo, Hg, Sb, Cr, W, Sn, Cu, As, Pb, Cl, Co and Zn concentrations of roadside soils in Manisa were higher than those of the earth's crust and North European soil. Results of the chemical analyses were evaluated with multivariate statistics with high accuracy rates. Heavy metal pollution of the roadside soils in Manisa can be attributed to highways and industrial and household wastes. It can be suggested that traffic on the busy highways along schools, hospitals and playgrounds for children should be diverted in the short term and such institutions should be built away from the highways and industrial areas in the long term.