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    Analysis of crude protein utilisation in ruminant rations: supplementation of limiting amino acids and their effect on the environment - an updated review
    (Kielanowski Inst Animal Physiology Nutrition, 2024) Sajid, Q. U. A.; Wilk, M.; Asghar, M. U.
    Protein quality plays a pivotal and dynamic role in the growth, productivity, and reproduction of ruminants. Increasing the proportion of dietary protein (CP) alone cannot balance the concentration of limiting amino acids (AA) in the duodenum of high -yielding dairy cows. However, supplying rumen -protected AA is believed to improve productivity and reproduction rates. Malabsorption of CP -rich meals in the rumen leads to high nitrogen (N) excretion through urine and faeces in the form of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, ammonia and nitrate in the environment. Research data indicate that lysine and methionine are the two most limiting AA in the ruminant ration. Supplementing these limiting AA in ruminant diets is one of the most effective strategies to improve CP usage and reduce the negative impact of CP in the diet. Several in vivo and in vitro experimental studies have demonstrated that even low -quality dietary CP, when supplemented with rumen -protected AA (Met + Lys), exhibited a greater ability to reduce N2 or NH3 losses, while also supporting a decrease in enteric fermentation gas production and minimising soil or water pollution associated with animal production. However, further research is necessary to explore the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the effects of AA dietary supplementation on the rumen microbiota in ruminants.
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    EFFECT OF CULTIVATED PASTURE AND INTENSIVE FATTENING ON CARCASS TRAITS AND MEAT QUALITY OF AWASSI LAMBS
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2024) Ceyhan, A.; Wilk, M.; Asghar, M. U.; Avci, M.; Hasan, M. U.; Tanrikulu, M. M.
    The study aimed to evaluate the carcass trait, meat quality and fatty acid profile of Awassi lambs under cultivated pasture fattening with a concentrated feed (CPF) and intensive fattening (IF) system. A total of 76 male Awassi lambs ( 36 lambs in the CPF group and 40 in the IF group, 85 days average age) were distributed in complete random design into two experimental groups. The final body weight was lower, but the average daily gain was higher for the lambs on the CPF compared to the lambs on the IF system. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between CPF and IF system for dressing percentage (50.31 and 51.51%) and shrinkage loss (3.45 and 2.50%), pelvic limb (34.9 and 30.3%), thoracic limb (20.8 and 18.3%), flank (9.4 and 7.6%), neck (4.4 and 5.9%), and LTL section area (15.6 and 13.0 cm(2)), except for ribs (25.0 and 33.7%), which were higher in the intensive system. Also, meat pH and color value were not changed by the fattening systems. The fatty acid profile of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles was assessed. The significant differences between groups were noted in margaric (1.00 and 1.80), heptadecenoic (0.51 and 0.99), eicosenoic (80.14 and 0.20), and linolenic fatty acids (0.21 and 0,19). In conclusion, the results of this study imply that carcass traits and meat quality were similar between CPF and IF systems in Awassi male lambs.
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    In vitro Rumen Methanogenesis and Fermentation Profile of Sorghum Whole Crop Cereal and Bagasse Ensilaged with Inoculum Lactobacillus buchneri
    (Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2022) Wilk, M.; Krol, B.; Slupczynska, M.; Sowinski, J.; Antoszkiewicz, Z.; Pecka-Kielb, E.; Asghar, M. U.
    Lactobacillus buchneri is a heterofermentative bacteria recommended to be applied to forages more susceptible to spoilage and aerobic instability such as small grain or high moisture silages. It may affect rumen fermentation since the heterofermentation products (acetic acid, CO2) are used by methanogenic microorganisms as substrates for the biomethane synthesis in the rumen. In consequences, these may lead to increase in gross energy losses from diet and aggravate negative influence of ruminant production on the environment. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of L. buchneri on rumen methanogenesis and fermentation profile of sorghum whole crop cereal and bagasse ensiled without additive (SWCC0, SB0) and with bacterial inoculant (SWCC1, SB1). During in vitro rumen fermentation gas production, methanogenesis and volatile fatty acids (WA) profile of ruminal fluid were measured. The addition of L. buchneri decreased the acetate concentration after 8h of in vitro rumen fermentation SWCC and SB silages. The material affects the acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and valerate concentration after 8h of in vitro rumen fermentation. Moreover, material affects the propionate, isobutyrate and butyrate concentration after 24h of fermentation. L. buchneri increased the level of methane after 8h fermentation of SWCC and SB. However, after 24h of fermentation L. buchneri decreased the concentration of methane in SWCC silage. The fermentation profile (24h) of SB silages was characterized by higher levels of methane compared to SWCC silages.