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    Do metastatic volumes measured in breast cancer patients with bone metastases correlate with the numbers of skeletal and extraskeletal events?
    (Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, 2024) Yagar, Hilal; Aytekin, Mahmut Nedim; Dede, Didem Sener; Sendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit; Ozturk, Recep; Yalcin, Buelent
    Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between metastatic volume measurement, skeletal-related events, and survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer and bone metastases. Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 82 female breast cancer patients (mean age: 53 +/- 14.3 years; range, 23 to 87 years) diagnosed, treated, and followed up between January 2005 and December 2019. The collected data included information on metastasis sites and the presence of skeletal-related events. Metastatic volume was measured in two ways: the number of metastases (high to low) and their localization (the first, second, and third groups). The first group consisted of vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and calvarial bones; the second group included scapula, clavicle, proximal humerus, and proximal femur regions; the third group consisted of femur and humerus diaphyseal and distal regions, as well as metastasis regions in other long bones. Results: Sixty-three (76.8%) patients were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma. Half of the patients had bone metastases at the time of initial diagnosis, while 62 (75.6%) experienced skeletal-related events, with at least three events occurring in 30 (36.6%) patients. Bone pain was the most common skeletal-related event. No correlation was found between metastatic volume measurement based on the localization of bone metastases and the number of bones and the occurrence of skeletal-related events (p>0.05 for each). Patients' survival time spanned from one to 231 months (median: 56.8 months) from their first diagnosis. Patients with high metastatic volume, those in the third group, those whose pelvis and lung were involved, and elderly patients had a shorter survival time (p<0.05 for each). Conclusion: The study indicates that measuring metastatic volume may be a critical factor in evaluating the survival of breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Future prospective and randomized controlled studies can explore the potential of this measurement to create practical clinical tools.
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    Examination of the Tensile Strength of the Peroneus Longus Muscle
    (Springernature, 2024) Yagar, Hilal; Cinaroglu, Selim; Cicek, Fatih; Ceranoglu, Faruk; Karadag, Hueseyin
    Introduction: The peroneus longus tendon (PLT) is increasingly used as a tendon autograft in ligament and tendon reconstructions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the PLT to assess its usability in frequently performed reconstructions. Methods: Six fresh-frozen, below-knee cadavers with a mean age of 65 years, no previous surgical operation, and no history of chronic disease were used. PLTs were harvested, freed from muscle tissue, and prepared for tensile strength testing at a tensile force rate of 2 mm/min using a Shimadzu Autograph AG-IS 100 kN instrument (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Results: The maximum tensile force varied between 600.7 N and 1131.313 N, with a median of 758.185 N. All tendons had diameters of 8 mm or more. The elongation at maximum force ranged from 9.0 mm to 16.0 mm, with a median of 14.0 mm. Conclusion: According to this study, PLT is a viable choice for surgeries involving autograft reconstruction. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in reconstructive surgeries.