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Öğe Application of an artificial intelligence to the estimation of water quality parameters: Water quality of Nigde creek water, Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2007) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Ucgun, Fatih; Unal, BunyaminArtificial intelligence is used for the estimation of water quality parameters of Nigde creek in the central part of Turkey. Nigde creek basin contains the two largest region of Turkey which is Nigde city and Bor district. Moreover, it is the major agricultural area in the region as well as highly agricultural and industrialized. In this study, analyses have been conducted on water samples taken from five stations located along the Nigde creek. Hydro-chemical analyses have been conducted on the water samples, the results have been evaluated according to water quality parameters. The laboratory data with an artificial neural network computer program called clean water quality program-CWQP, which is designed according to water quality parameters, its place has been defined among the classifications of water quality. Quality parameters used have been prepared in compliance to the In-continent surface water classification as stated in the regulation of water pollution and checking for Turkey. Accordingly, water quality has been classified in four groups as Quality I, II, III and IV. Selection of appropriate input parameters to estimate another one is key to use ANN. This is essential to obtain maximum success with minimum error. The input parameters selected must be those which affect most the output one. In this study, therefore, water quality at five stations has been determined to be of Class IV water quality with CWQP. Furthermore, lead has stepped up as the most important polluter in the analyses, which has the negative effects on water quality in all stations and precautions are needed to be taken to protect Nigde creek. Results obtained from the CWQP have been discovered to be indifferent from the ones obtained through the classical methods, implying their availability for use comfortably in water pollution areas. This program has ensured rapid results and non-specialized study in determining the water quality.Öğe Application of multivariate statistical approach to identify heavy metal sources in bottom soil of the Seyhan River (Adana), Turkey(SPRINGER, 2010) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Tumuklu, Ali; Sonmez, Mustafa; Erdag, Dilek SatirIn this study, freshly deposited soils were sampled from the Seyhan River (Turkey) from the exit of the Seyhan Dam to the Adana exit. Heavy metal contents were measured with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Multivariate statistical approach is used to identify the sources of heavy metals and other elements in soil samples. Considering the size of anomalies, metals are ranked as Co > Pb > Cr > Zn > Al. Based on the hierarchical cluster analysis results, three clusters were observed. P, Mg, Ti, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Al, Si, and Nb form the first cluster, Zn, Sr, Pb, and Cr associated as the second cluster, and Ba and Co form the third cluster. Three factors computed from principal component analysis are explained with a cumulative variance of 95%. The first factor is defined with "high background lithogenic factor" Co, the second factor with "local industrial factor" Pb, Cr, Ba, and Mg, and the third factor with "natural factor" Cr and Pb.Öğe Component Analysis and Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Euphorbia macroclada Boiss (Nigde, Turkey)(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2013) Battaloglu, Rifat; Candar, Sabri; Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Yalcin, FusunThis study reports the heavy metal concentration of the plant macroclada boiss belonging to the Euphorbia type. Twenty stations which have different distances and different heights to the highway were chosen for this study from the separation of Nigde-Adana D750 highway Ali Hoca and Maden Village to Maden Village (Nigde, Turkey). The Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations of the sediment and plant samples got from those stations were studied through the ICP-OES technique. According to the arithmetic mean of the chemical analyses results, the highest values are Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Cd in earth; Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd in plants. The maximum values were shown in Cd: S1; Cr: S3; Cu: S10; Ni: S1; Pb: S3 stations in the earth and in Cd: S1; Cr: S1; Cu: S1; Ni: S1; Pb: S1stations in the plants. A high relationship level was defined between Cd vs. Cr, Ni, Pb; Cr vs. Ni, Pb and Ni vs. Pb in the earth and between Cd vs. Cr, Cu, Pb; Cr vs. Cu, Ni, Pb; Cu vs. Pb and Ni vs. Pb in the plants. According to the component analysis, the first factor is Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and the second factor is Cu. On the other hand, the only factor represented the whole in the plants. The Model Summary analysis results in the earth is R-2 = 0,909 %, in the plant R-2 = 0,907 % and the samples were explained on a relatively high level. It was thought that the origins of the heavy metals showing positive high level relation are the same and the analysis area of Nigde-Adana D750 intercity highway are affected negatively due to the traffic.Öğe Heavy metal contamination along the Nigde-Adana highway, Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2007) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Battaloglu, Rifat; Ilhan, Semiha; Tumuklu, Ali; Topuz, DervisThis study was conducted on the route of D805 and D750 state highways and TEM E90 motorway connecting the Nigde and Adana cities in central and southern Anatolia. The aim of study is to determine the heavy metal contamination in upper level of soil along the D805, D750 and TEM highways. Heavy metal concentrations were measured with Spectro-Xepos Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. Results of heavy metal analyses on soil samples reveal a significant contamination. It was determined that heavy metal accumulation is closely associated with traffic intensity. The heavy metal ranges and averages for soil samples at D805, D750 and TEM E90 roads were found as 16980-62790/37907.76, 17.8-98.6 /43.62, 20-217/71.65, 56.5-405.9/165.55, 3.6-5.1/4.33, 75.5-596.2/175.76, 169-1167/554.9, 24-79/39.47, 316-1289/764.97, 1830-5048/3088.23, 6.8-15/8.56, 22-26/23.89, 2.8-63.4/13.86 mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Ti, Sri, Mo and As elements, respectively. In this study, all heavy metal contents to have a toxic effect.Öğe Heavy metal contents and the water quality of Karasu Creek in Nigde, Turkey(SPRINGER, 2008) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Aydin, Olcay; Elhatip, HatimDifferent sources of pollution in Karasu Creek were investigated to obtain the water quality and ratio of contamination in this region. To achieve the main objectives of the present study, water samples were collected from Karasu Creek, starting from flow pattern at the upstream site of Akkaya Dam to the end of the dam, crossing the place where the Creek drains into. Dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, temperature and maximum/minimum pH were measured systematically for 12 months in the stations, where the water samples were collected. Chemical analyses of the water samples were carried out by using Cadas 50 S brand UV spectrometer to find out the Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, S, F and Cn concentrations. These concentration were determined in mu g/lt as 80-850; 180-4,920; 10-6,100; 440-25,530; 130-2,400; 120-280; 20-150; 214,250-1,113,580; 1,560-4,270 and 40-690, respectively. To determine metal levels of the water samples, multivariate analyses (element coefficient correlation, coefficient correlation dendrogram, hierarchical cluster analysis dendrogram, model summary and ANOVA) were used. The analyses yielded highly accurate results. There were positive correlations between some elements and their possible sources were the same. The stations which resembled each other along the creek were divided into three groups. The water quality of the creek was low and had toxic qualities. Eutrophication developed in Akkaya Dam along the creek. The source of pollution was thought to be industrial and residential wastes. Absolute (0-100 m), short distance (100-500 m) and medium distance (500-2,000 m) conservation areas should be determined in pollution areas along Karasu Creek and they should be improved.Öğe Heavy metal contents of the Karasu creek sediments, Nigde, Turkey(SPRINGER, 2007) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Narin, Ibrahim; Soylak, MustafaHeavy metal contamination in sediments of the Karasu spring was investigated in the presented study. In this respect, sediment samples were collected from contaminant sites along the spring starting from the spring water manifestation site, base of the Akkaya dam to the dam exit site. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. Cobalt, copper, arsenic, tin, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, iron, titan, chromium and manganese contents of the Karasu creek sediments are found as 18.30-69.00, 12.40-595.0 5.50-345.3, 5.80-15.1, 10.9-64.1, 28.90-103,300, 4.1-356.2, 7.70-37,840, 13,460-109,400, 11,740-62,900, 22.18-59.04, 41.70-369 and 12.09-3,480 mg/kg, respectively. Results indicate the presence of a contamination in the Karasu creek. All the metal concentrations were found to be exceeding their acceptable limit values. Eutrophication is developed in the Karasu creek and the Akkaya dam. It is thought that heavy metal accumulation in the creek is originated from discharge from mine quarries, industrial and domestic wastes. Protection zones should be defined and all necessary measures must be taken along the Karasu creek.Öğe Heavy metal sources in sultan marsh and its neighborhood, kayseri, turkey(SPRINGER, 2007) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Battaloglu, Rifat; Ilhan, SemihaSultan Marsh (Turkey) is one of the largest wet lands of the Middle East and Europe. The aim of this study was to determine average concentrations of heavy metals, variations of the obtained values in a large scale, geogenic and anthropogenic sources of the pollution and effects of the pollution on the environment in Sultan Marsh. To these aims, a total of 176 surface soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were collected from 80 ha land in Sultan Marsh. Using a bench-top Spectro-Xepos X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, we analyzed all samples to determine the near-total concentrations of 26 chemical elements. Basic and multivariate statistics were used for statistical analyses. GIS mapping, a powerful tool for identifying possible sources of pollutants, was used to classify and identify the elements. Relatively high concentrations of the elements Fe, Pb, Zn, Sb, W, Mo, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Cr, Mn and Cd were found in Sultan Marsh, surrounding rocks (geogenic sources), mines of Fe and Pb/Zn, industrial facilities, residential and agricultural areas and major traffic routes (anthropogenic sources).Öğe Inivestigation-of heavy metals pollution along the Nigde-Kayseri road, Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2007) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Battaloglu, RifatThe study area comprises the D765 state road connecting Nigde and Kayseri cities in the central Anatolia. The aim of this study is to determine the heavy metal contamination in off roadside soils along the D765 state road. Heavy metal concentrations were measured with Spectro-Xepos Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. Results of heavy metal analyses on soil samples reveal a significant contamination. Average heavy metal concentrations and standard deviations of samples collected from off roadside soils along the D765 state road are as follows: As: 27.90 (7.64), Cd: 3.99 (0.35), Cc: 35.80 (2.19), Cr: 158.33 (46.27), Cu: 48.37 (24.73), Fe: 31516.83 (6545.26), Mn: 771.83 (121.4 1), Mo: 28.52 (5.51), Ni: 118.11 (27.90), Pb: 107.49 (37.90), Sn: 6.34 (1.35), Ti: 3369.87 (1172.44)-Zn: 135.64 (3142) mg/kg. In this Study, among the heavy metals, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni and Pb are toxic metals. Heavy metal accumulations in soil were determined to be closely associated with traffic intensity.Öğe Investigation of leakage at Ataturk dam and hydroelectric power plant by means of hydrometric measurements(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2007) Unal, Bunyamin; Eren, Mucahit; Yalcin, M. GurhanAtaturk dam, with its 84.5 million m(3) fill volume and 169 m height above the foundation, is one of the largest dams in the 2 world. Its 1.2 million m grout curtain surface area is the largest constructed in the world to date. The Bozova fault crosses the dam axis in the left bank and extends towards the downstream valley. The grout curtain constructed in karstic limestone is 180 m deep in the thalweg and partially extends to 250-300 m depths in some local zones on both the right and left sides of the valley. In this study, we have investigated leakage at the Ataturk dam and hydroelectric power plant by means of hydrometric measurements. The hanging grout curtain indicates that leakage at Ataturk dam is of vital importance in defining the longevity of the dam. Hydrometric measurements, including discharge, temperature and electrical conductivity of springs and leakages, were carried out for 9 years periodically, in addition to monitoring performed before, during and after construction. The leakage increased as the reservoir water level rose seasonally but it was also discovered that this regular increase was not observed in the last three measurements. The decrease in leakage volume in the last three measurements proved the integrity of the grout curtain and the efficiency of the microsol grout works. Recent seepage levels are within design limits and therefore have no serious effect on the stability of the dam structures. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF USE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF NANOFIBERS OBTAINED FROM OSAGE ORANGE FRUIT(STEF92 TECHNOLOGY LTD, 2016) Ilk, Sedef; Battaloglu, Rifat; Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Ozgen, MustafaThe aim of this study was to prepare electrospun chitosan-based nanofiber mats and to incorporate the fruit extracts of Osage Orange (Madura Pomifera) into the mats. Chitosan-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (CS-EDTA/PVA) was selected as the polymers. The osage orange extracts with 3 wt% were incorporated into the CS-EDTA/PVA solution and electrospun to obtain nanofibers. The morphology and diameters of the mats were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical bonding properties were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Finally, the sorption potential of Osage Orange loaded nanofibers for the removal of common metallic pollutants, cadmium (Cd2+), cobalt (Co2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+) and lead (Pb2+) was also investigated. The results indicated that the diameters of the fibers were on the nanoscale and that no crystals of the extract were observed in the mats. Osage Orange loaded chitosan based nanofiber adsorbent presented good absorption capacity for all tested metals ranged between 29-34%. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that biomaterials composed of osage orange loaded CS EDTA nanofibers have a potential adsorbent for heavy metal.Öğe Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Bauxites of Ayranci, Karaman, Central Bolkardag, Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2013) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Ilhan, SemihaCentral Bolkardag (Ayranci, Kucukkoras-Karaman) bauxites are one of the most important bauxite sources of the central Taurus zone. The aim of this study was to determine geological features and major and trade elements of Kucukkoras bauxites based on geochemical data from the bauxite deposits and rocks. To this aim, geochemical features of the region were investigated; a detailed map of the bauxite sites was drawn and chemical analyses of the collected specimens were made With inductively Coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Kucukkoras diasporic bauxite deposits were located in Jurassicu-upper, cretaceous aged uctepeler formation, were formed in the upper cretaceous period,,extended in the NW-SE direction and Were composed of three:types Of ores; i.e. lenses, karstic fills (sinkhole fills) and Veins. Bauxites were found to have the following major oxides: SiO2, of 3.2005%, Al2O3 of 57.7080%, Fe2O3,of 23.365%, MgO of 0.1035% CaO of 0.3290%; Na2O, of 0.0800%, K2O of 0.0960% TiO2 of 3.1385%, P2O5 of 0.0580%, MnO of 0.1445% and CrO3 of 0.5430%. Based On the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio of bauxites, the mean module value was found to be 18.04, which indicates that Kucukkoras, bauxites were the highest quality bauxites. Geochemical data showed that the bauxites were formed as a result Of conversion of limestone into terra rossa and then conversion of terra rossa into bauxite.Öğe Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Terra Rossa Soil in the Kucukkoras Region, Karaman, Turkey(MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2008) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Ilhan, Semiha[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Multivariate analyses to determine the origin of potentially harmful heavy metals in beach and dune sediments from KizKalesi Coast (Mersin), Turkey(SPRINGER, 2008) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Ilhan, SemihaThe aim of this study was to investigate variations in heavy metal concentrations and natural and artificial sources of heavy minerals in beach and dune sediments along Kizkalesi (Mersin) coast in Turkey. To this aim, sand sediment samples were collected from 20 locations throughout Kizkalesi coast and concentrations of Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, V, Mo, Ag, Sb, Sn, Cd, W, Hg, Pb, As, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, S, K, Na, Cl, Ti, Mn and Cr were determined. Simple analyses (frequency histogram), multivariate analyses (Coefficient correlation, Cluster Analysis), Principal Component Analysis, Model Summary and ANOVA were used to analyze the concentration values. Al, Fe, Mg, Cl, Ti, Mn, Cr and Ni were dominant heavy metals. Principal Component Analysis revealed six principal components. It was confirmed by Cluster Analysis. Based on the Hierarchical Cluster analyses, three different general groups were formed at a 50% arbitrary similarity of Q-type level. The frequency histogram indicated that W, Ag, Co, V, Cu, As, Sn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cl and Mg concentrations originated from the nearby area, while Mn, Ti, Al and Fe Mg concentrations came from either the nearby area or moderately remote sources. Data from the study area showed that the Model Summary (based on R-2 = 100%) was sufficient for the statistical data and that the Model ANOVA (variations of Pb) had a high explanatory power. The region lying on Miocene carbonate rocks of the Tauride belt were affected by the contaminants of anthropogenic origin that included coastal deposits, coastal erosion, the Kizkalesi settlement area, urban wastes, Mersin-Antalya road extending parallel to the shoreline and disposal sites of hotels.Öğe Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contents of sediments from Gumusler creek, Nigde, Turkey(SPRINGER, 2008) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Narin, Ibrahim; Soylak, MustafaIn this study, heavy metal contents of samples from Gumusler creek in Turkey were studied and the metal contamination characteristics were investigated. In this respect, considering the pollutant sites in the area, systematic sediment samples were collected in a zone starting from the manifestation part of the water to the entrance of the Karasu creek in Gumusler town. Samples were taken from lower section of the river bed at 30 stations along Gumusler creek, 13 km in length and their heavy metal contents were analyzed with XRF Spectrometer. Correlation coefficients, element coefitic coefficient correlation, dendogram hierarchical cluster, model summary and Annova analysis statistical methods were applied to data. Strong positive correlations were determined for some elements which are believed to have possibly the same origin. In addition, mineralizations in the area are thought to cause variation in metal contents. Results of chemical analysis show that soil limit values and clark values were exceeded. The heavy metal accumulation in the creek is believed to be derived from non-operated Sb-Hg-W and Fe quarries.Öğe Multivariate statistical approach to identify heavy metal sources in urban roadside soils of Manisa, Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2008) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Unal, BunyaminThe aim of this study was to investigate heavy metal pollution in roadside soils of Manisa, an important city located in the western part of Turkey. Soil samples were collected from roadsides of the city. Heavy metal concentrations were measured with Spectro-Xepos Benchtop X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer. Mean heavy metal concentrations (ppm) of the roadside soils in Manisa were as follows: Sb was 7.56, W 6.19, Ag 5.8, Mo 22.1, Co 28.37, V 94.0, Cu 136.57, As 26.95, Sn 19.99, Hg 1.71, Ni 64.67, Zn 126.19, Cd 4.05, Pb 47.97, Al 58730, Fe 34515, Mg 13841, Cl 350.76, Ti 3857.5, Cr 341.83 and Mn 704.3. Based on the chemical analyses, Ag, Cd, Fe, Al, Mo, Hg, Sb, Cr, W, Sn, Cu, As, Pb, Cl, Co and Zn concentrations of roadside soils in Manisa were higher than those of the earth's crust and North European soil. Results of the chemical analyses were evaluated with multivariate statistics with high accuracy rates. Heavy metal pollution of the roadside soils in Manisa can be attributed to highways and industrial and household wastes. It can be suggested that traffic on the busy highways along schools, hospitals and playgrounds for children should be diverted in the short term and such institutions should be built away from the highways and industrial areas in the long term.Öğe Multivariate Statistics and Heavy Metals Contamination in Beach Sediments from The Sakarya Canyon, Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2013) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Simsek, Gunseli; Ocak, Sema Bilge; Yalcin, Fusun; Kalayci, Yakup; Karaman, M. ErkanThe aim of the study is to determine heavy metal contents and their possible origins that represent the variability of The Sakarya Canyon coastal sediments. In addition to determine the source of heavy metals (natural and anthropogenic), simple and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to the samples. In all the samples, ignition loss ratio is between 0.01-0.09. 47.26 % of the samples, which have 0.5-0.25 mm, show very good sorting. G10, G19, G20 and G21 reflect the conditions of the irregular sedimentary environment. The heavy metals, Fe, Mg, Ti, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cu, are considered to come from near regions according to frequency histograms. By principal component analysis (PCA; factor 1: 40.911 %; factor 2: 21.558 %; factor 3: 13.548 %) and cluster analysis, heavy metals were formed three (3) groups. According to hierarchical cluster analysis, Q-type cluster at the similarity level of 50 % form three (3) different groups and they show the same features during pollution. These results reveal that they are highly reliable data for statistical data of model summary (according to the value R-2 = 100) and Anova 21 explanation value. According to maximum abundances As:G4; Ni:G7; Mg, Ti, Mn, Fe, V, Cr, Co, Nb:G13; Cu, Zr, Sn:G20; Al, Zn, Ga, Cd, Pb:G22 stations showed the highest anomaly. Influence of anthropogenic can be constituted in this region coming from port wastes, mining operations, road pollution, urban wastes and industrial wastes.Öğe SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES(STEF92 TECHNOLOGY LTD, 2016) Ilk, Sedef; Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Battaloglu, Rifat; Ozgen, MustafaClay-based bionanocomposites have gained great attention due to their nanosized functional properties and safe natural structures. Combination at the nanometric scale of the increased surface areas and reactive surfaces of clays with the functional behavior of biopolymers has been pointed out as an attractive way to develop organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials with properties that are inherent to both types of components. In this study a natural-based nanocomposite film consisting of chitosan and organic clay was synthesized. Montmorillonite modified with octadecylamine (ODA-MMT) was used as an organically modified layered silicate. The nanocomposite was prepared by mixing a acetic acid suspension of ODA-MMT with a solution containing chitosan as the macroscopic polymer matrix. The effect of ODA-MMT content (0.5-3%) on the structure and antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposite have been investigated. The interactions between the chitosan matrix and ODA-MMT at different conditions were evaluated using SEM, TEM, XRD and DSC analysis. The results indicated that the formation of exfoliated nanostructure and the thermal stability of nanocomposites was improved within increased loading of nano-dispersed clay in matrix. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan/ODA-MMT nanocomposites was evaluated using disc diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia colt ATCC 25922 and Salmonella spp. (Laboratory stock). The antimicrobial activity studies of the nanocomposites showed that the nanocomposites could more strongly inhibit the growth of the tested Gram-positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. The inhibitory effect of nanocomposites on microorganisms increased with the increasing content of ODA-MMT. The results showed that the strong antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposites may be related to the interaction and the fine dispersion between chitosan and clay.Öğe THE APPLICATION OF GRADED EXTRACTION ON COASTAL SAND (TASUCU COASTAL, SOUTH OF TURKEY)(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2010) Karakaya, Feridun; Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Narin, Ibrahim; Tumuklu, AliHeavy metals existing over a limit due to being used industrially or naturally found on rock, in underground water and soil effects ecological system and human life negatively. Researchers have developed different methods for the observation of these metals which influence ecological system and human life. The aim of this study is to explain the graded extraction method with an example which is one of the analysis methods used in the detection of ratio of heavy metals (sample: Al, Mn) that are found in Coastal Sand samples (Tasucu Coastal, South of Turkey). Mn is anthropogenic and Al is geogenic materials in the study area.Öğe The application of graded extraction on coastal sand (Tasucu Coastal, South of Turkey)(2010) Karakaya, Feridun; Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Narin, Ibrahim; Tumuklu, AliHeavy metals existing over a limit due to being used industrially or naturally found on rock, in underground water and soil effects ecological system and human life negatively. Researchers have developed different methods for the observation of these metals which influence ecological system and human life. The aim of this study is to explain the graded extraction method with an example which is one of the analysis methods used in the detection of ratio of heavy metals (sample: Al, Mn) that are found in Coastal Sand samples (Tasucu Coastal, South of Turkey). Mn is anthropogenic and Al is geogenic materials in the study area.Öğe Use of Multivariate Statistics Methods to Determine Grain Size, Heavy Metal Distribution and Origins of Heavy Metals in Mersin Bay (Eastern Mediterranean) Coastal Sediments(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2013) Yalcin, M. Gurhan; Cevik, Ozlem; Karaman, M. ErkanThe aim of the study was to determine variability, heavy Metal Content and potential origins of heavy metals of the sediments in a total of 60 locations representing coastal sediments of Mersin Bay,Grain size distribution and heavy metal contents were measured and multivariate statistical analyses were performed on obtained Values in grain size distribution, Oz-4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22 23, 46, 48, 49, 50 Stations showed a bimodal distribution. This distribution developed due to river networks near the locations. Heavy metals are sequenced as Cr, Mn, Sr, Ni, V, Zn, Co, Zr, Rb, Ce, Cu, Sc, Li, Y, Pb, As, Nb, Mg, Fe, Al, Th and U from the higher value to the lower value according to their abundance: According to frequency histogram, Ni, Fe, Al, which showed the highest concentration values among heavy metals came from short medium distance; while Cr, Ti and Mn came from short distance. Based on these findings it should be thought,that heavy Metal sources affecting Study area are in short distances to study area All the elements were represented with three sector principal component analysis. Total variances of Pb, As, U, Th, Sb, P, La, Ba, Na, K, W, Ce, Li and Rb elements which represent (F1) factor were explained by 30.591 %. Variance of Mn, Fe, V, Ti, Al, Zr, Y, Sc and Hf elements which represent (F2) factor were explained by 18.749'%. Total Variance of Mo, U, Sr, Ca, P, Ti, Nb and Ta elements which represent the third factor (F3) were explained by 14.512 %. These data are significantly consistent with the dendongram prepared according to coefitic correlation coefficients. Hierarchical group analysis dendorigram showed that Q-type cluster had a 50 % arbitrary Similarity level and that contamination generally occurred in group 3. It can be thought that similar groups had the same properties during contamination. In regression data performed according to Fe; "Model summary" (according to R-2 = 99.8 value) was Significantly adequate for Statistical data and "Anova". was highly reliable with 36 explanatory Variables. Heavy metals in the study area such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, Mg, Al, Cd, Sb and Ti might show toxic effects. Heavy metals, such as As, Ag, Fe, Mo And Sn should also be paid attention. Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn and V showed an anomaly according to Kizkalesi and Susanoglu coastal sand. Cr, Ni, Co, Mg, Ti, Fe and Mn increased due to Mersin Ophiolite. The areas where basie/ultrabasic rocks outcropped in the region can be considered as the source of natural contaminations. Anthropogenic factors, coastal sediments, coastal erosion and lithological effects are the main causes of contamination in the study area, which covers a very wide area. In addition, the port, river entrances, highway, urban wastes, tourist facilities and industrial sites increased the density of anthropogenic effect.
