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    Contribution of Genetically Modified Crops in Agricultural Production: Success Stories
    (Elsevier, 2020) Bakhsh, Allah; Sırel, Irem Aycan; Kaya, Rabia Busenaz; Ataman, Ilkay Hilal; Dönmez, Betül Ayça; Yeşil, Binnur; Yel, Ilknur
    One of the great challenges for the scientists of today is to provide adequate nutrition for an increasing global population by developing more socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable agriculture. Despite urbanization, agriculture is still the backbone of the economic of many countries worldwide, not only by providing food and raw material but also employment opportunities to the chunk of population around the globe. The agriculture sector faces many challenges of land management, low farm yield and profitability, etc. The advent of biotechnology in the last decade of 20th century has changed the gear of agriculture production. The genetic barriers in conventional breeding have successfully been addressed by modern-day technologies and researchers are now able to engineer traits of economic importance among distant species. We have already witnessed the contribution of commercialized GM cotton, soybean, maize, eggplant, and canola toward increased farm productivity. The commercialization of Bt cowpea and cotton in African countries and Golden Rice in Philippines will open further avenues of sustainable production. In this book chapter, we have discussed the production and commercialization of GM crops with their impact on agricultural productivity. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Doubled Haploid Production – Mechanism and Utilization in Plant Breeding
    (Springer International Publishing, 2023) Yel, Ilknur; Dönmez, Betül Ayça; Yeşil, Binnur; Tekinsoy, Merve; Saeed, Faisal; Bakhsh, Allah
    The discovery of haploids in plants led plant breeders to help to produce double haploids. The chromosome numbers of double haploids are different from haploids. This technique shortens the time to produce homozygous plants as compared to the conventional breeding method. After doubling the chromosome, it produces two identical homologous chromosomes. This helps to achieve homozygosity of crop up to one generation early as compared to conventional breeding. Once an interesting gene combination is achieved through conventional breeding; further mixing of genes is considered a real challenge. The production of double haploids is dependent on haploid inducer lines. The current breakthroughs of molecular actors triggering induction of haploid in plants have an important role of processes related to the development of gamete, interactions, and stability of the genome. These findings allowed translation of induction of haploid, and genome editing technologies can be helpful to produce haploid inducer lines. These recent discoveries can be helpful for improved breeding strategies. Besides that, it also provides deeper information regarding sexual reproduction in plants. In this chapter, we discussed how we can produce haploid inducer lines and with the help of new biotechnological tools to produce double haploid plants. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
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    Manipulating genome of diploid potato inbred line Solanum chacoense M6 using selectable marker gene
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Das Dangol, Sarbesh; Yel, Ilknur; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Bakhsh, Allah
    The development of transgenic potatoes is imperative to investigate various gene functions as well as to develop robust potato varieties resistant to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Directing a potato breeding program from cultivated tetraploids to self-compatible diploid lines will be highly helpful for potato breeders. However, diploid potatoes are considered recalcitrant to regeneration. We aimed to develop a protocol for the transformation of diploid Solanum chacoense M6 potatoes using leaf, internodes, and microtubers as the explants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260 harboring pIBIN19 expression vector containing gusA gene (interrupted by an intron to induce expression from eukaryotic cells) was used for this purpose. Different inoculation times (10, 20, 30 min) were applied in aforementioned explants for gene transfer. After cocultivation, explants were transferred to the media with various hormone concentrations [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), trans-zeatin, kinetin, and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)]. The calli generated were then transferred to shoot generating medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) and gibberellic acid (GA(3)). According to histochemical GUS analysis, we found a 20 min inoculation time to be optimal for gene transfer and the medium containing 2 mg L-1 BAP and 2 mg L-1 NAA was the most suitable medium for callus induction from 20 min inoculated explants (41% callus formation for internodes and 65% for leaf explants). Abundant transcripts levels of gusA gene was found in primary transfonnants when subjected to RTAPCR. GUS fluorometric assay further confirmed the primary transfonnants at protein level. The present study can serve as a gateway to transfer gene(s) of interest in diploid potatoes.