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    Contribution of genetic and chromosome engineering studies from past to present to sustainable agriculture and plant breeding
    (Centenary University, 2021) Öztürk, Sevim D. Kara; Yildirim, Bilge Ş.; Yildiz, Hümeyra; Tek, Ahmet L.
    It is predicted that by 2050 the population will reach 9.2 billion and the demands for equal and basic needs must be met worldwide. Until today, various studies have been carried out to increase agricultural production. However, new technologies and methods that ensure higher Abstract: It is predicted that by 2050 the population will reach 9.2 billion and the demands for equal and basic needs must be met worldwide. Until today, various studies have been carried out to increase agricultural production. However, new technologies and methods that ensure higher yields per unit area should be developed and integrated into plant breeding programs. While contradictory practices to sustainable agriculture should still be reduced, productivity in agriculture can be increased by understanding plant biology, evolution, and genome structure. In addition, efficient use of genetic diversity, adaptation of knowledge from model plants to breeding programs, and the genetic resource potential of orphan plants will contribute to the development of new genotypes. So far, modern technologies such as gene transformation, DNA sequencing, genome mapping and genome editing have played an active role in understanding the genome structure in plants. Numerous chromosome engineering methods such as FISH, GISH, chromosome truncation via telomeres, mini chromosomes, detection of syntenic chromosomal loci between organisms, discovery of repetitive DNA elements and the use of structural CENH3 protein will also be a driving force in agricultural development. Agricultural research, benefiting from the advances in basic sciences, will support achieving the desired goal in the long term. Potentially, chromosome engineering methods contribute to the increase of agricultural production in the future. In this review article, we aim to create a discussion platform for researchers by providing unique perspectives synthesized from agriculture, breeding and genetics and bringing together the current and rapidly developing interdisciplinary thematic studies. © 2021, Centenary University. All rights reserved.